Applications of cryptography Free Essays

Looking for the â€Å"best† websites in cryptology is a daunting, if not an impossible task. This is because, as I started searching the Web for interesting sites on cryptology, I found that there are just so many. The task is made even more difficult by the fact that cryptology is such a broad subject which encompasses several sub-subjects. We will write a custom essay sample on Applications of cryptography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nevertheless, I have to choose three sites. Basically, I just set two criteria for choosing a site: it has to be interesting and it has to be easily understandable even when the content is technical. Being a history enthusiast, my search for fascinating contents led me to a website that features cryptology in the 16th and 17th centuries. It can be accessed via the link http://home. att. net/~tleary/cryptolo. htm and is written by Thomas (Penn) Leary. One of the reasons I was drawn to this site is the existence of an author for the site. With internet access and blogging accessible to almost everyone, I tend to get wary of websites whose authors are unknown for I feel that this lessens the reliability of the site and its contents, unless the site belongs to a company or organization whose reliability cannot be questioned. The content starts with a philosophical statement by Blaise de Vigenere, something which I found quite endearing. Being primarily a non-technical site, it avoids the use of cryptographic jargon and instead uses words easily understandable by almost any reader. Examples of the early kinds of cryptology such as the Elizabethan cryptology (uses numbers to encipher letters) were discussed in the site. Several paragraphs in the site are attributed to Johannes Trithemius, a German monk who is also considered the first theoretician in cryptography. Most of his schemes also include steganography, a close cousin to cryptography, which involves concealing the existence of the message itself. Aside from that, Trithemius contributed much to the existence of polyalphabeticity. His tableau, which he called his â€Å"tabula recta†, uses the normal alphabet in various positions as the cipher alphabets. Giovanni Battista della Porta, another famous early cryptographer received a highlight in the site. Likewise, the use of acrostic, a cipher which involves using the first letters of a poem in order to form a word, was also given emphasis. Poets in the Italian Renaissance and during the Elizabethan period were reported to be quite fond in using acrostic. Although quite non-technical, this website appealed to me because I can look back and trace the early days of cryptology when there were no computers and other modern crypto graphing equipment. It is fascinating to note that the state-of-the-art cryptography used nowadays evolved from relatively simple ciphers such as Trithemius’ tableau and acrostic. In terms of information presentation, the website did quite well and the information was arranged in a clear and systematic manner. Furthermore, the author cited several works which I find commendable as most of the websites today obtain information from other sites, books and journals without acknowledging these sources. As for the technical side, I found David Wagner’s (1999) discussion of the Boomerang Attack quite interesting. His paper can be accessed by this link: lasecwww. epfl. ch/intranet/proceedings-iacr-98-03/papers/1636/16360156. pdf, although I believe it originally came from www. cs. berkeley. edu/~daw/papers/boomerang-fse99. ps. As you might have noticed I’m quite a stickler for the reliability of website contents. Apart from the topic being quite interesting, I chose this website because it came from an academic institution, which I believe screens articles and papers before posting it in their website. Even for non-technical readers, Wagner’s (1999) introduction to the concept of a boomerang attack is quite comprehensible. He started by describing differential cryptanalysis, a powerful cryptanalytic technique. Because of such power, differential analysis has been used to break many published ciphers. Block cipher designers therefore ensure that their design is secured from differential attacks. Algorithm designers usually compute an upper bound p on the probability of any differential characteristic on the cipher. The designer then invokes an often repeated â€Å"folk theorem† stating that any successful differential attack will require at least 1/p texts to break the cipher, thus making a conclusion that the cipher is safe from differential attacks. In order to prove this â€Å"folk theorem† false, Wagner (1999) exhibited an attack – in this case the boomerang attack – that allows an opponent to beat the 1/p bound in some cases. Let’s say the best characteristic for half of the rounds of the cipher has a probability of q, a successful boomerang attack will therefore need O (q-4) chosen texts. In some cases, q-4 1/p, in which case the boomerang attack will be able to beat the folk theorem’s bound. Basically, a boomerang attack is still a differential-style attack but does not try to cover the whole cipher with a single pattern having a significantly large probability. Instead, the attacker tries to find two highly-probable patterns, though not necessarily related to each other, but when taken together can cover the whole cipher (Standaert, Piret, Quisquater, 2003). Wagner (1999) does not only discuss boomerang attack theoretically and only through probabilities, he showed how boomerang attack can be used to break COCONUT98, a cipher that rely on decorrelation techniques for its design. The breaking of COCONUT98 suggests that decorrelation design may fail to give enough security against advance differential attacks when caution is not taken. Therefore the use of decorrelation techniques is not a total guarantee of safety against differential-style attacks. Nevertheless, a decorrelation design still improves the cipher’s security such that in the absence of a decorrelation module, COCONUT98 will be more vulnerable to conventional differential-style attacks. Wagner (1999) also demonstrated the use of boomerang attacks on Khufu and FEAL, and included a description of â€Å"inside-out attack†, a dual to boomerang attack, with the boomerang attack working from the outside, while the â€Å"inside-out attack† works from the inside. In general, the site is very informative but I must admit, quite technical. One therefore does not approach it without having received a background on cryptology. Oliver Pell’s (nd) website, which he claims has won him a prize in a mathematics essay contest, is just as interesting. Accessed from http://www. ridex. co. uk/cryptology/#_Toc439908875, it presents a very useful overview of cryptology. Slightly technical, it comes in between the first two websites. Whereas the first is definitely non-technical while Wagner’s (1999) paper is definitely technical, Pell (nd) presents technical data in the simplest way possible. In fact, among the three sites, this one definitely stands out. The website content begins with the definition of commonly-used cryptographic terms, an indication that the paper is meant to be read by a wide range of audience including non-technical ones. The history of cryptography and cryptanalysis which followed the definition is quite fascinating and seems to me, well-researched. Ancient Egyptians, Hebrews and Assyrians already developed a crude form of cryptographic systems. Later on, the Greeks invented the first transposition cipher but it was the Arabs who were the first to have a clear grasp on the principles of cryptography and elucidated the beginning of cryptanalysis. In the more modern times, the uses of cryptography during the First and Second World War were also discussed. What follows is a detailed discussion on cryptography starting on how cryptographic systems are grouped: based on the mathematical operation that changes the plain text into ciphertext using the encryption key, based on whether a block or stream cipher is produced, and based on the type of key used, whether single or two key. Substitution ciphers – ciphers wherein the units of the plaintext are replaced with symbols or group of symbols, transposition ciphers – rearranging of the letters of the plaintext without actually changing the letters themselves, block ciphers – symmetric-key encryption algorithms that changes a fixed length block of the plaintext into the same length of cipher text, and stream ciphers – also breaks plaintext into units but usually a single character are just some of the ciphers discussed in greater detail under the single key cryptography. A problem in cryptography – the key distribution problem – is also tackled. Such a problem usually occurs because both the sender and the receiver hold a copy of the key, but must also prevent others from getting access to the key. The solution to this problem, the two-key cryptography, is also discussed. Briefly, a two-key cryptography enables a user to possess two keys – one public and one private – with the public key used to encrypt the data to be sent, and the private key used to decrypt it. Some common applications of cryptography, such as protecting confidential company information and protecting a phone call just to name a few, are also presented. In general, the topic (Cryptography) is really well presented. At times when the topic gets a bit too technical (like algorithms), the author presents examples in order for the topic to be better understood. Such a well presented website content is quite uncommon and indeed deserves a prize. References Leary, T. (1996 July). Cryptology in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Retrieved September 27 from http://home. att. net/~tleary/cryptolo. htm Pell, O (nd). Cryptology. Retrieved September 27, 2007 from http://www. ridex. co. uk/ cryptology/#_Toc439908875. Standaert, F-X. , Pirret, G. Quisquater, J-J. (2003). Cryptanalysis of Block Ciphers: A Survey. UCL Crypto Group Technical Report Series. Retrieved September 27, 2007 from http://www. di. ens. fr/~piret/publ/cg03-2. pdf Wagner, P. (1999). Boomerang Attack. Retrieved September 27, 2007 from lasecwww. epfl. ch/intranet/proceedings-iacr-98-03/papers/1636/16360156. pdf. How to cite Applications of cryptography, Papers

Development for Revitalizing the Tourism in Clipper Bay Sample

Question: Discuss about the Tourism Management. Answer: Introduction Clipper Bay is an area of developing country with the emerging economy. The committees of Clipper Bay think that tourism would be beneficial in exploring new opportunities. They have decided to develop the tourism by using the cost-benefit analysis technique. Clipper Bay will focus on the development of entertaining industry and eco-tourism. Although the process of economic revitalization looks very difficult and time consuming, but it comes with several benefits like; social interaction, environment development, community development, improved local businesses and protection of cultural heritage. This report examines the approach to the development for revitalizing the tourism in Clipper Bay. This discusses the reasons behind the development considering the advantages and disadvantages of economical, socio-cultural and environment aspects of developing tourism on the town and its local people. A sustainable approach is using for the development in the tourism industry, i.e. responsi ble tourism. Furthermore, it includes some stakeholders, who are engaged in the economic revitalization through tourism at Clipper Bay. Development Approach Looking at the need of economic revitalization in Clipper Bay, it was essential to devise a sustainable development plan for economic saving the community from resource reduction addressing the issues of changes and to safeguard natural and cultural heritage (Arch Daily, 2010). Stable communities need to revitalize their economy by developing new highways, commercial areas, corridors and industries. The businessmen must try to promote their local business and culture to improve the life quality in the fast changing world. The best approach must be developed with the involvement of community and other parties, who are desirable for the sustainable outcomes. Recognizing the industries of the zone for economic growth is an important step in the economic revitalization. Clipper Bay town has a potential industry of fishing on which the livelihood of the city is based. It can be considered for the progression. Furthermore, the people of the city are dealing in the farming and agriculture i ndustry for their livelihood. It can also be used for the development (Sayad Koopaei, 2013). Along with these industries, the revenues from local businesses can promote the culture and tourism for the economy revitalization. The government should conduct an awareness program for the local people of Clipper Bay. The people must be aware about their safety and other concerns. The tourism operators must develop the rules and regulations for the attractions, which should be followed by the tourists, while visiting them. Thus, all the relevant parties should be included in the process of economic revitalization at Clipper Bay (Maher, khairat, 2010). Use of Cost Benefit Analysis The technique, which can be used for economic development of the activities, is Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA). The cost benefit analysis is a simple and fast technique, which is used for non-critical financial decisions and where the decisions are vital and include huge amount of money. Generally, this technique is used to define the alternatives, which provide the best approach to get the benefits with doing the savings. For the assessment of the public projects in developed economies, this method has gained huge acceptance (Barcelona Field Study Centre, 2017). There are various costs, which are involved in this, like; health care costs. These costs are provided, when any of the tourists has any injury. There are some economic incentive, like; handy crafts and local foods, which made by the women of the city. The cost benefit analysis of Clipper bay is done by considering some factors like; pool of labor, ease of access and availability of resources. Pool of labor: Most of the population in Clipper Bay is fishing based and they might battle at the time of tourism extention. Tourism operators can face some problems because there is a little pool of labor with prohibited planning of ability (Everist, 2009). The tourism developers will require preparing the local people to nurture them with the aptitude and knowledge and then hire the workers from the neighboring zones. Ease of access: Tourists can travel to Clipper Bay via road transport. This will reduce the travelling time and more buses can come, when the construction of new highway will be completed. However, there may be the problem of overcrowding, when there will be many tourists coming in. The 2 way costal road can be good to control the tourists, who are coming in. Thus, building the new high way is an advantage to the town and it will benefit the developments of Clipper Bay in the future. Availability of resources: To visit the land sea natural attractions, people especially travel from the urban area to take a break from their busy life. Hotels and resorts can be established along the coastal area to supply the water for tourists. Ecotourism can be conducted in Clipper Bay bringing the visitors to travel the limestone cave and camping in the forest. All of the aspects show that it is very valuable to choose tourism as primary economic engine for the Clipper Bay with these circumstances. Sustainable Approach (Responsible Tourism) As the tourism industry of Clipper Bay is selected for the development, so a sustainable approach should be adopted for the development. For this, a responsible approach of sustainable development can be used at Clipper Bay (Stewart, Maher Luck, 2010). Responsible tourism shows an approach to engage all the stakeholders, such as; local people, businesses, government, tourists and tour operators. This will focus on the aspect that all the stakeholders are equally responsible for the tourism development. Using this approach, the authorities will work with the objective of developing a better place to live or to travel. By using this responsible approach, the tourism at Clipper Bay can become more attractive and better. This approach will minimize the socio-cultural, economic and environmental impacts and it will produce the economic advantages to the local people and the city (Frey, George, 2010). Infrastructure plan In the development of travel and tourism, the significant challenge is to develop the infrastructure on Clipper Bay. Basic infrastructure will include the hotels, roads, highways, electricity, hospitals, parks, towers, buildings and other supportive structures, which support the tourism. Furthermore, the benefits from the infrastructures take to the Clipper Bay in public transportation, medical equipment, roads, accommodation, clean water supply, information systems and other utilities. This up-gradation and improvement in the town will attract more tourists. The industry and agriculture of the city may be more built of the basic infrastructure for the visitor utilization and economic growth. At the time of building these infrastructures, it will consider that it is not harming the life and earning of the local population of Clipper Bay. The land and agriculture should not be affected adversely by the construction activities. Superstructure The sustainability of the tourism industry is not identifiable without improving the superstructure. The superstructures include the structure facilities at the tourism attractions and destinations. These are developed at the beach front on of the town Clipper Bay to improve the structure of beach. The major facilities of beach structure include showers, rooms, changing rooms and towers for the security, clinics, rescue centers and some food stores. Stakeholders The stakeholders in the tourism industry at Clipper Bay includes various people, such as; tour operators, government, local people, tourists, communities and tourism committees. All the stakeholders will play their individual roles in the development of eco-tourism (Alonso, Ogle, 2010). The below diagram states the people, who will work for the benefits and interests of the tourists and local people by creating awareness among the people and fulfilling the social responsibilities. Analysis of Economic Elements in Tourism Economic factors are very important in the tourism industry. These aspects of economy have advantages as well as disadvantages in developing the tourism at Clipper Bay. Advantages: There are many advantages of tourism in the economic aspect (Ardahaey, 2011). These benefits are such as; economic growth by the multiplier effect and employment opportunities. Multiplier Effect: This effect happens when the tourists begin to spend. This has 4 levels of impact. Firstly, the tourism managers in Clipper bay experience the direct effect of multiplier, when they will earn cash from tourists (Kim, Chen Shawn Jang, 2006). There will be an indirect effect on the local people when they supply sea food or earn the wages from this service as an outcome of tourism business. Their living standard will be improved when they will earn more income because more amount of money will be flown in the economy. Employment Opportunities: With the revitalization of tourism, some resorts and hotels will be built in Clipper Bay. It will increase the employment opportunities in Clipper Bay. Job opportunity in Clipper Bay presented a type of direct employment. With the growth in the tourism, there will be increase in the indirect employment because the domestic business man and fisherman recruit more people to deal with the increasing demand from tourists. Other Economic Aspects: There will be some monetary effect, like; foreign investments and business expansion. With this specific goal, there will be requirement of a huge capital for constructing the framework. Clipper bays government can support the tourism by enriching and spreading to foreign investors to manufacture factories, resorts and hotels. This town will not only have the benefit from foreign direct investments, it will also benefit the people of the town. The government can assist the businesses by giving grants. Disadvantages: With the development of economy, inflation generally occurs too. Inflation is significant factor, which impacts tourism demand and this sector in the developing countries. As the number of tourists will increase, then it will expand the sale of local produces. This increased spending will affect the inflation adversely. Due to this, the people, who are living in Clipper bay, will face typical cost for living (Coria Calfucura, 2012). The government can make efforts to control the inflation by using an approach, i.e. concretionary. Another disadvantage is the growth in the job opportunities. It would decrease the conventional employment because the young generation will prefer to work in the hospitality and tourism industry and leave their local business of fishing. Analysis of Socio-cultural Elements in Tourism When the tourists visit Clipper Bay, then it will become host for them. In this way, socio-cultural aspects of tourism are the concerns for the Clipper Bay of direct link with the tourists and association with the business of tourism (Moscardo, Murphy, 2014). There are some advantages of disadvantages of developing tourism at Clipper Bay. Advantages: The local people, who are staying in Clipper Bay, can have the advantages as far as socio-cultural view of tourism. These advantages are mentioned below: Safeguarding the heritage: With the revitalization, there would be construction of a gallery in Clipper Bay, which will be open for the visitors (George, Mair Reid, 2009). There will be stricter to protect and secure the heritage and assuring that there will not be industrial pollution. Exposure of artworks: Exposure to the specialty and local arts will increase the more visitors traveling to Clipper Bay, because there is a link between visitors and local people. So, with the higher awareness commercialization of these products can happen and this type of expertise probably lost. The government can establish an emphasis in Clipper Bay with the ancient center to safeguard and it will assure that only local craft items will be selling there. Cross-Cultural Obligation: When the tourists travel to Clipper Bay, the local people can show them their own lifestyle and culture. This will not just allow the travelers to understand the indigenous domestic people but also they will become more informal with them (Woodside Martin, 2008). The local population will have the capacity to take the advantage when any regular tourist starts to get include with them and assist them in their day to day activities. They will try to get new things from other culture. It will help in enhancing their life style. Disadvantages: There are some socio-cultural disadvantages from developing the tourism at Clipper bay. As the people from different culture are visiting Clipper Bay, so it will impact the younger generation for being beak free from their tasks and practices (Farajirad, Seyyed Nasiri, 2010). The custom of Clipper Bay will be lost, as the locals will neglect the fishing and weaving for getting better employment opportunities in the hospitality industry. The social and traditional part will be affected adversely. There may be moral disintegration, like; utilization of alcohol and smoking can hurt the religion of the Clipper Bay. Other disadvantage is that there will be shortage of assets due to overcrowding in the town. The local people can feel angry because similar assets and things are currently used by most of the population. Analysis of Environmental Factors in Tourism There is also a need to consider the environmental aspects when planning for the tourism. Along with the advantages, it can bring a permanent loss to the environment and life of the local people. Advantages: Primarily, there are two major positive effects which the tourism brings. These advantages are such as; preservation of environment and development of attractions in the town. Preservation of environment: The government will make focus to assign the areas for the national park for securing the animals and wildlife. The wild animals would be kept within the limits of national park. The government can allot a piece of beach front area for constructing a national park for safeguarding the vegetation and people of the city. Thus, this environmental factor can enhance the life of plants and animals in Clipper Bay. Other advantages are, such as; the income generated from the tourism attractions can be used for the development of these destinations. The pollution control measures can be controlled, so they cannot harm the beauty of attractions. In revitalizing the tourism, the management of the resorts will make green efforts of Clipper Bay to enhance the eco-tourism, to utilize the biodegradable elements and energy conserving lightings to preserve the natural resources in the town. This will benefit the overall environment of the town. Disadvantages: There may be some aspects, which have environmental disadvantages from developing the tourism in Clipper Bay. There might be the problems related to different kinds of pollution, such as; air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and soil pollution. There may be air pollution through the increased use of transportation like; buses and airplanes, which are flying into airport of Clipper Bay (Antimova, Nawijn Peeters, 2012). Because of tourism, there may be exploitation of natural resources, like; land, water and greenery. Thus, development of tourism in Clipper Bay can lead to some environmental hazards like; pollution and dirtiness due to utilization of plastic bags, cigars, drugs etc. Conclusion Thus, the tourism will be the major factor of economic revitalization for the Clipper Bay town. There are various factors, which have advantages and disadvantages of tourism planning on the city. For attracting more customers, there may be some changes in the infrastructures of Clipper Bay. Eco-tourism is also important in making sure that the project is ecologically sustainable. The government in the town looks that Clipper Bay will take benefit from tourism even with its potential issues as they will keep in place measures to endure the tourism and safeguard the interests of the local people. After the revitalization, Clipper Bay will be tourist attraction and place for traveling and visiting. The report clearly identifies the advantages and disadvantages of all the aspects of tourism development. References Ardahaey, F.T. (2011). Economic Impacts of Tourism Industry. International Journal of Business andManagement, Vol. 6, No. 8, pp. 206-215. Alonso, A. D., Ogle, A. (2010). Tourism and hospitality small and medium enterprises and environmental sustainability. Management Research Review, 33, 818826. Arch Daily. (2010). 36 Clipper Bay Home / FGR Architects. Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/96431/36-clipper-bay-home-fgr-architects. Antimova, R., Nawijn, J., Peeters, P. (2012). The awareness/attitude-gap in sustainable tourism: A theoretical perspective. Tourism Review, 67, 716 Barcelona Field Study Centre. (2017). Tourism Costs and Benefits. Retrieved from https://geographyfieldwork.com/TourismProsCons.htm. Coria, J. Calfucura, E. (2012). Ecotourism and the development of indigenous communities: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Ecological Economics, 73, 4756. Everist, R. (2009). The Complete Guide to the Great Ocean Road: Walks, Beaches, Heritage Ecology, Towns and Sustainable Tourism Through Southwest Victoria. Best Shot Publication. Farajirad, A. Seyyed Nasiri, S.J. (2010). Analytical approaches to the sustainable development of urban tourism. Land Geographical Journal, Vol.7, No. 25. Frey, N. George, R. (2010). Responsible tourism management: the missing link between business owners attitude and behavior in the cap town tourism industry. Tourism Management, Vol. 31, No.5, pp.621-628. George, E.W., Mair, H. Reid, D.G. (2009). Rural Tourism Development: Localism and Cultural Change. Channel View Publications. Kim, H. J., Chen, M.H. Shawn Jang, S. (2006). Tourism expansion and economic development: The case of Taiwan. Tourism Management, No.27, p.925933. Maher, A. khairat, G. (2012). Integrating Sustainability into Tour Operator Business: An Innovative Approach in Sustainable Tourism. Tourismos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, Vol. 7, Issue 1. Moscardo, G. Murphy, L. (2014). There Is No Such Thing as Sustainable Tourism: Re-Conceptualizing Tourism as a Tool for Sustainability. Journal of Sustainability, Vol. 6. Pp. 2538-2561. Sayad, M.H.J. Koopaei, M.B. (2013). Study of Some Social Factors Affecting Attitude towards Natural Tourist Attractions in Dezful City. International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, Vol. 2, pp. 1013-1017. Stewart, E.J., Maher, P.T. Luck, M. (2010). Cruise Tourism in Polar Regions: Promoting Environmental and Social Sustainability. Routledge Publications. Woodside. A.G. Martin, D. (2008). Tourism Management: Analysis, Behaviour and Strategy. CABI Publications.

Sports In The 1920 free essay sample

# 8242 ; S Essay, Research Paper The Babe Hits 60 and much more Sports in the 1920 s have been Red Grange, the Wheaton Ice really challenging to watch. Charles Lindbergh, Man, played many great old ages of in his specially made aeroplane name the Spirit football. When Red was a small male child of St. Louis, was traveling to try the playing for his high school, he was impossible and fly nonstop from New York a esthesis. He scored a record of to Paris. The award for this effort was $ 25,000. 45 points in one game, a Charles flew all entirely. Lucky Lindy eventually record that still stands. Red wasn T landed 33 + hours after going. He landed even traveling to play football when he in and airfield exterior of Paris. He received went to the University of Illinois. the Congressional Medal of Honor. Amelia Red was named All American in Earhart, in 1932, flew across the Atlantic his first varsity twelvemonth. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports In The 1920 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On October ocean. When she tried to wing across the universe, 18, 1924, Grange scored five she disappeared and was neer seen once more. touchdowns. He scored from 90 Continued on following page Five paces on the gap kickoff, and so The Babe without uncertainty is the scored on tallies of 67, 56, and greatest baseball player of all clip. Put 44 paces. All of these were in the your custodies up or watch out for Jack first one-fourth. In the 2nd half, he scored Dempsey s manus in your oral cavity. his 5th TD from 12 paces off. Dempsey ends his lucifers quick He signed with the Chicago Bears after normally in the first seconds of the battle his last game with U of I. He made $ 100,000 his oppositions are on the land for the while all other participant made about twenty- KO. Dempsey s left maulerss and Fe five to one hundred dollars a game. Babe strength allowed him to crush the giant Ruth is the best ball participant anyone has of all time Jess Willard. But on September 23, seen. The Sultan of Swat can slog the ball 1936, he was defeated by Gene Tunney. farther than anyone. On October 1, 1927 the Dempsey lost the replay because of the baby come up to the home base the Northerners are referee and a bad call. Jack attracted tied with the Senators. Babe looks at work stoppage many to the pugilism universe. one as it crosses the home base. The following pitch Big Bill Tilden, won Wimbledon in was a ball, the tierce was swung at brutally the summer of 1920. Now he wanted to and went foul. The 4th pitch of the be seeded figure one. He did so when series hit babe s chiropteran like a projectile and flew Bill defeated Johnston. Tilden won his out of ballpark and into the street. Babe all in seventh and last U.S. National in 1929. his old record of 59 place tallies. He now has Not merely was he a tennis star, but he besides 60 a new record. The baby easy trotted was a film star. Tilden attracted many around the bases after this expansive knock. fans to the tennis universe

Free Essays on DWI

In the 1950’s, consequences were nothing compared to present day consequences for drinking and driving. Why do underage drinkers feel they have to drive after drinking? What are the consequences currently if you drink and drive? What are the consequences going to be in fifty years? I believe that in this world there should be more consequences for one that drinks and drives. I think that underage drinkers feel they have to drive home for the night so they don’t get caught either by parents or the authorities. Male drivers age 16 to 20 have six times the driver fatality risk in single vehicle crashes at BAC’s (Blood Alcohol Concentration) of .01 to .04 compared to male drivers age 25 and older at these low levels. (Council 1) There is a law now called the Zero-Tolerance Law, which states that any underage drinker caught driving automatically loses their license till they are 21. The required BAC is .02 for the zero tolerance law. It is not worth getting behind the wheel after you have been drinking. Very recently the legal BAC has changed from .10 to .08.The consequences for a person who is convicted of a DWI is 90 days suspended license, mandatory 3 days in jail, anywhere from a $250-$2500 fine, plus your vehicle is impounded for 30 days. If we were to compare the drinking and driving laws in the 1950’s to today, we have to think what they are going to be like 50 years from now. In Germany they put you to death if they are convicted of a DWI. Is that going to be the case for the USA? What direction are our consequences going to go? A slap on the wrist, education about drinking or straight to death after conviction? I believe the police officer’s intentions were good when he decided to pull me over, because others drunk drivers have killed people. The consequences are unknown until you get caught. Then you start to think of how many times you have actually committed it before. A fifteen-dollar cab fare i... Free Essays on DWI Free Essays on DWI In the 1950’s, consequences were nothing compared to present day consequences for drinking and driving. Why do underage drinkers feel they have to drive after drinking? What are the consequences currently if you drink and drive? What are the consequences going to be in fifty years? I believe that in this world there should be more consequences for one that drinks and drives. I think that underage drinkers feel they have to drive home for the night so they don’t get caught either by parents or the authorities. Male drivers age 16 to 20 have six times the driver fatality risk in single vehicle crashes at BAC’s (Blood Alcohol Concentration) of .01 to .04 compared to male drivers age 25 and older at these low levels. (Council 1) There is a law now called the Zero-Tolerance Law, which states that any underage drinker caught driving automatically loses their license till they are 21. The required BAC is .02 for the zero tolerance law. It is not worth getting behind the wheel after you have been drinking. Very recently the legal BAC has changed from .10 to .08.The consequences for a person who is convicted of a DWI is 90 days suspended license, mandatory 3 days in jail, anywhere from a $250-$2500 fine, plus your vehicle is impounded for 30 days. If we were to compare the drinking and driving laws in the 1950’s to today, we have to think what they are going to be like 50 years from now. In Germany they put you to death if they are convicted of a DWI. Is that going to be the case for the USA? What direction are our consequences going to go? A slap on the wrist, education about drinking or straight to death after conviction? I believe the police officer’s intentions were good when he decided to pull me over, because others drunk drivers have killed people. The consequences are unknown until you get caught. Then you start to think of how many times you have actually committed it before. A fifteen-dollar cab fare i...

The Multicultural Affects of Communication in a Large Company Essay

The Multicultural Affects of Communication in a Large Company - Essay Example A company is referred to have a multi – cultural workforce where the employees of the company is a variety of ethnic, racial, gender, and religious backgrounds. In the current time with the high levels of globalization this is a growing trend and although a very unorthodox management style, this is proving to be a relatively well accepted form of workforce management. Several benefits have been recognized with having a diverse set of employees and management staff for every company irrespective of its size. Some of these benefits include higher creativity, better decision making, and greater success in marketing especially to foreigners, better economic opportunity distribution and even the upliftment of community especially for the ethnic minorities (Kenig, 2008). Despite the benefits the diverse work cultures also led to numerous issues within organizations, especially large organizations as well. The issues include higher costs, interpersonal conflicts, discrimination issues, and most essentially communication breakdowns. A multi – cultural organization involves several people with different dialects and multi – cultural communication everywhere. Large companies are faced with numerous issues due to the multi – cultural languages. The first and highest impact is on the marketing processes of the company. Second, people from different cultures have different approaches and perspectives for work; this is a very common fact. For a team to be effective and efficient in large companies, it is essential that all members of the team – work on the same page to bring up the team together. However, with the different views and styles of approaching work, and with the language differences, it would be very difficult to keep in track, and in pace the overall team performance (Sellin & Winters, 2005). Various communication styles among various cultures are different and hence this could also be a major cause for a

IMAX Mangement Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IMAX Mangement Case Study - Essay Example As per the case the strategic resource of IMAX is its technology. The technology which it use and develop helps the company to attain its strategic position. The technology of IMAX satisfies the VIRUS criteria in the following ways:- The technology of IMAX is valuable in many ways. Firstly it gives the organisation an edge over its competitors. IMAX was the first company who initiated the larger format films. It also made light weight 3D camera. The technology of IMAX also helped the company to achieve the scientific and technical achievement Oscar Award in 1997. The technology of IMAX cannot be imitated easily. The technology which was used by IMAX was developed by its research and development section. The organisation incurred huge costs in order to generate the advanced and superior technology. More over the development of the technology was a time taking process and the organisation has to do research for years to develop the technology. Anything which requires huge cost and time to generate cannot be copied by any other organisation very easily. The strategic resource should be rare in the industry in other words it should not be easily accessible to the other organisation. The technology of IMAX was not assessable to the other organisation. Strategic resource should be such which cannot be substituted by any other alternative resource in order to imitate any strategic decision. The technology used by IMAX for 3D images was very unique which was developed by the research and development wing. This type of technology is very difficult to be substituted. In this case, as per IMAX its main advantage is having a good brand image, a brand of for making larger format film. As IMAX latter has to face a rival Iwreks in larger format film category therefore its claim of being a brand of larger format film is not a strategic resource. Critical Analysis IMAX is a huge company which is involved in film production, photographic equipments, film distribution and theatre operations. This company was the first one to be to operate in large format film in the world. The main strength of IMAX is the technical aspect which gives it a unique identity and differentiates in the film and photographic industry. IMAX has implemented various strategies to expand and grow. The options which IMAX considered for its growth and expansion strategy were all strategic options which mean it satisfied the RACE criteria that is the recourses for the option were available, it were acceptable, coherent with other existing plans and efficient to achieve the objective. For expansion and growth the company chose to locate itself in multiples theatres, converting the Hollywood movies in its format and installing its projectors and other theatre equipments in different multiplexes. These options were all strategic because:- The resource which were needed for these options that is the hi-tech theatre equipments were already available to the company. They did not have to arrang e it separately. These options were aimed at increasing the customer base and the revenue therefore it was also acceptable to the stake holders. IMAX was already working in making movies in larger formats. Hence converting Hollywood movies in their format and shifting their location did not hamper their existing work. The objective of the

Visiting Marrakesh, Morocco †The Red City

Visiting Marrakesh, Morocco – The Red City Marrakesh – The Red City As-salam alaykom! (Hello in Arabic) Marrakesh is the third largest city of Morocco and is situated at the foot of the Atlas Mountains. It is the most important of the four imperial cities of Morocco and has a rich history. A city of palaces, tombs, markets and myriad entertainments, Marrakesh is a treat for the senses. It is easy to get lost in its many alleys and markets, and the action packed Djemaa El-Fna square at the city center is enough to keep you occupied and intrigued for an entire day. The modern half of the city, Gueliz is a contrast and offers a getaway from the hustle and bustle of the Old Town. Visiting Marrakesh is an exhilarating experience that is sure to leave a lasting imprint on all travelers, who will return impressed with its beautiful architecture and unique culture. Best Season to Visit Marrakesh Marrakesh, with its sunny weather presents itself as a year round destination. However spring (March to May) and autumn (October to November) are the best months to explore this city, with lower temperatures and lesser crowds. The Easter Weekend is an exception and crowds throng the city as a getaway from their hectic schedules. While early summer can still be pleasant enough, the later months (July to September) can be unbearable if you are not used to the heat. In spite of this, summer is the peak tourist season and prices for everything skyrocket during this time. Many festive events are held during summer. Winter (December to February) brings along sunny days and cold nights, and there is snowfall in the nearby Atlas Mountains. Tourists visiting around this time can take off to the ski resorts in the mountains and enjoy the snow. Highlights (Special Things to Do in Marrakesh) Visit the La Mamounia for a buffet lunch by the poolside and be floored by the splendor and glamour of this spectacular hotel. Go back in history and view artifacts from the past at the Dar Si Said Museum that includes exquisitely carved cedar wood pieces that have been rescued from the ruins and monuments in the city. Soak in the pungent and medieval experience of Marrakesh by visiting the Tannery District and watch the tanners at work as they cure the animal hides with foul-smelling liquids that transform them into finished leather products ready for sale. Head to a luxury bath at one of the many Hammams for an authentic Moroccan experience of luxury and indulgence For a belly dancing performance, head to the Comptoir Darna, the first lounge dining restaurant in Marrakesh. Beautiful ambience, great food and wonderful performances make it a perfect place to soak in the true feel of Morocco. Immerse yourself into street food at the Djemaa El-Fna and feast on the many exotic varieties of meat available at the various counters. Indulge in some souvenir shopping and visit the traditional markets known as Souks that sell everything from handicrafts to antiques, spices to ornaments, carpets, cashmere and even items made of â€Å"cactus silk†! Head out on a city break to the nearby sand dunes of Erg Chegaga or Erg Chebbi for an exotic camel ride and desert safari. Ski in the snow in the nearby ski resort of Oukaimeden, situated in the Atlas Mountains where snowfall occurs in the winter months. Attractions in Marrakesh Medina: Djeema El-Fna: Originally a place of public executions (back in AD 1050), this is the main public square of Marrakesh. Filled with snake charmers and medicine men during the day, the square really comes alive as the day ends. Musicians, story tellers and entertainers fill up the square and the open air acts begin as a visual treat. Hundreds of food stalls also line up to provide exotic, hot, mouth-watering delicacies. Koutoubia Mosque: The mosque is made of red sandstone and is the largest in the city. It is most famous for its minaret, built in Almohad style and rising to a height of 70m. The minaret was an inspiration for many later towers including the La Giralda in Seville, Spain. Non-Muslims are not allowed inside, but a walk around its periphery may be enough to marvel at this masterpiece. El Badi Palace: Largely in ruins, this impressive palace was built in the 15th century and its name translates into â€Å"The Incomparable Palace† in English. It is easy to imagine the grandeur and luxurious lifestyle of its royal inhabitants as you walk through the large pavilions, sunken gardens and abandoned pools. El Bahia Palace: Built in the late 19th century, this grand building is a great example of Eastern Architecture. Lavish decorations and beautifully landscaped gardens are reasons enough to visit this palace. Almoravid Koubba: Considered to be the oldest building in the city, it is also the only surviving monument from the Almoravid era. Bab Agnaou: It is one among the 19 gates that serve as entry and exit points to the Medina and was constructed in the 12th century. Ben Youssef Madrassa: One of the largest madrassas in North Africa, it is home to some very beautiful artwork. Saadian Tombs: The tombs were constructed to hold the graves of the Sultan Ahmed Al-Mansur who reigned in the 15th century, and his family. Lavishly built with Italian marble, cedar woodwork and intricate decorations and carvings, the tombs are sure to inspire awe among the visitors. Gueliz: Majorelle Garden: This delightful garden is worth a visit for the extensive use of the Majorelle Blue colored walls and ponds, as well as the many colorful fountains and large variety of cacti that are found within it. Spread over 12 acres, it offers a respite from the heat of the city. Menara: Menara Gardens: Situated near the outskirts of Marrakesh at the foot of the Atlas Mountains, The gardens are spread across orchards and olive groves with a pavilion and a lake in the center. The snowcapped Atlas Mountains form a great backdrop to the beautiful gardens. Shopping in Marrakesh Shopping in Marrakesh can be an assault on your senses, as you take in the colors, the atmosphere and the vibrancy of the markets. Almost all shopping in Marrakesh needs to done in the traditional markets that are called Souks and it is possible to find anything- yes, anything, in the narrow lanes of the souks that you navigate, as you move from one shop to the next. The Souk Semmarine is the main lane that runs from the Djemaa El-Fna to the Ben Youssef Mosque and is flanked by a never ending array of souks that sell a wide variety of products. If it is spices that you are interested in, visit the Rahba Kedima (Spice Square) that has stalls selling a plethora of spices from saffron to cumin, cinnamon to mace and even Argan oil that is almost exclusively produced in Morocco. A number of stalls selling herbal remedies, cosmetics, essential oils are also to be found. For shoes and footwear, look no further than the Souk Smata, where brightly colored Moroccan slippers are a must-buy. Other leather items can be found at the Souk el Kebir and Souk Cherratin that specialize in camel leather goods like belts, wallets and purses. Visit Souk el Attarin if it is fragrances and perfumes that you are looking for. Souk Zrabia is the place to be if Berber carpets interests you, and for clothing and fabrics, stroll through the Souk Larzal and Souk des Teinturiers markets. How to reach Marrakesh Marrakesh is well connected to many European cities due to its popularity with the European tourists. The Marrakesh-Menara International Airport has direct flights that connect the city with destinations like Paris, London, Stockholm and Madrid, to name a few. Those flying in from North America, Asia and elsewhere will need to change flights at Casablanca. The airport is located at a distance 5km from the city and there are air conditioned buses plying every 30 minutes between the airport and the city. Marrakesh is also connected by train service to other major cities of Morocco. There are regular trains connecting Marrakesh with Casablanca and Rabat. Night trains are also available with sleeper cars for farther off destinations like Tangiers. A number of long distance bus services are also available for those wishing to take the roadways to travel between the Moroccan cities. How to get around in Marrakesh Marrakesh has a good bus service that can get you anywhere within the city. The Medina is small enough that everything can be covered on foot, although an umbrella is necessary to protect you from the sun. Taxis and horse drawn carriages are also available to explore the city. The Bus service is quite good and covers all parts of the city that tourists will want to visit. Most buses stop at Djemaa El-Fna in the Old Town and Place Youssef Ben Tachfine in the New Town. Fares are dependent on the distance, but most of the time you will be paying between 2-5dh. Airport buses run at frequencies of 30 minutes from early morning until 9:30 in the night. An Open Topped Sightseeing Bus is available that will take you around the city with headphones to provide commentary on the various tourist locations. You can get down anywhere to explore the location at your leisure and then board another bus to continue. Tickets are valid for 24 hours and cost 145 Dh. An alternate way to get around the city is the small horse-drawn carriages called Caleche. It is better to negotiate on a price before getting onto them. The Caleche offers a romantic way to explore the city. Taxis are generally not to be preferred, since they will try to rip you off with high charges for getting you to the destination. Some may even try to charge you for the bags that you are carrying. If getting into one, always ask them to use the meter. Petit taxis are smaller taxis that accommodate 3 passengers and can be boarded on a sharing basis. If you are inside the Medina, Walking is the best way to cover all the destinations. All places are quite nearby and easily findable by directions from the locals or by using GPS. Top Areas of Marrakesh Medina: The Medina is the older, historic part of the city and is centered on the main square, Djeema El-Fna. A lot of the stay options in this district consist of the Riads, which are basically furnished Moroccan houses with a courtyard. Gueliz: This is the modern, European half of Marrakesh that is characterized by upmarket restaurants, cafes and luxury boutiques. Hivernage: Situated quite close by to the Medina, the Hivernage Quarter is a quiet, residential part of the town characterized by broad, tree-lined avenues, rooftop restaurants and luxury hotels. Palmeraie: The Palm grove Quarter is an oasis situated outside of the city. A few luxury resorts are available here. Agdal: An area of recent development, it is situated outside of the city and is being built as a major hub for further expansion of the city. A number of shopping arcades and expensive hotels are coming up in this locality. Shukran! (Thank you in Arabic)