Misconception of African Americans Essay

Since the beginning of time African Americans have been viewed negatively. We have always been viewed as a threat to society and frowned upon by many races. There are many cliches displayed in the media of what African Americans are supposed to act like. These conclusions cause almost immediate negative feelings from other races and sometimes by our own race. African American females in television shows and movies are often shown as the loud â€Å"ghetto† acting, angry black girl who is always â€Å"telling someone off†. Actor Tyler Perry has been criticized for illustrating African American females as â€Å"big momma†, another negative portrayal of black women. Other times shapely video vixens cause other black females to be portrayed as â€Å"jump-offs† or gold diggers. African American males have even greater judgments to overcome. They are viewed as a menace to society. They are illustrated as wild, angry, dangerous â€Å"gang bangers†. Black men are viewed as absentee fathers or abusive husbands. Although, in some cases, African American males do possess some of these characteristics, there are just as many black men that are positive role models. These ignorant judgments are called stereotypes. A stereotype is defined as â€Å"a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing†. Stereotypes, in my own words, are judgments blindly made by people who use ignorance as an excuse to be biased against those who are different from them. There are many different types of stereotyping. Racial stereotyping, sexist stereotyping, stereotypes about cultures, and sexual orientation stereotypes are all judgments that can affect one’s life in many ways. Stereotypes are, sadly, made by everyone. Racial stereotyping, however, is the most common type of stereotyping, and can sometimes be dangerous. The Trayvon Martin story, for example, is a situation where stereotyping turned tragic. Trayvon Martin was a young African American boy who was walking from the store with nothing but Skittles and a drink in his pockets. Because of his race, and the stereotype of what black Males are capable of, he was targeted, and tragically killed. There have been many similar cases of dangerous stereotyping. People’s fear of what the media shows we are suited to do, has gotten out of control. Too many of us are dying because of this fear. While many stereotypes do seem to be believable, people like Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, my grandparents, and my mom allow me to realize that not all stereotypes are true.

Love for Cooking Essay

Goal: In this paper I tried to open to different ideas to cooking opposed to giving directions about how to cook. I tried to provide each reason with two examples to give readers a better understanding about what food can really be about. Evaluation: I feel like I did good on the overview on covering all the basics on cooking to where it’s understandable and relateable opposed to writing is as a recipe or directions list that most people would think cooking is about. Cooking a satisfying dish has three aspects. The first aspect that is usually the most important is eating with the eyes. An example is how the dish is plated, how it smells, and how appealing and appetizing it looks to the eye. Another example that compares to the first example is that if food is plated sloppy or looks and smells unappetizing, it generally doesn’t catch peoples attention. A second aspect that relates to the first aspect is using fresh ingredients. Using fresh ingredients means a healthier meal, and also getting natural vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and ect. Another example is using fresh food opposed to processed food, because everyone wants to knows what they’re eating. One last aspect is making the dish taste fantastic. A dish that tastes good has people eating more of it, even though it might not be good for them to over-stuff. Another reason is people asking for the recipe or asking the chef to prepare their meals boost confidence in the chef knowing she made a good meal for everyone. One thing that will always remain is that feeling of providing something delicious for the community that has them cominging back and a sense of happiness and successfullnes in a chef.

Three paragraph character sketch essay on Harriet Tubman

Harriet Tubman is an old, African American, runaway slave. This was a woman that was very brave and fought for her rights/freedom. She just didn’t want freedom for herself; she wanted it for all African Americans. I would also have to say that she was a very smart woman. I say that because she carried a gun around with her, so if any of the other runaways wanted to go back she would threaten them with the gun because she knew that the masters would end up finding Harriet and the others, she also decided to run away on a Saturday, so that gave her and the others an extra day to get away because flyers could not be printed until Monday.The masters was already aware that a man named Moses was helping the slaves get away , so they had to keep an extra eye on all of the slaves. The masters woke up on that Saturday they were surprised to find out that some of their slaves were gone. Harriet knew someone that could help them and his name was Moses. In the text it says ‘As they walked along she told them stories of her own first flight, she kept painting vivid word pictures of what it would be like to be free.’ This tells me that one of Harriet’s character traits were encouraging. I say encouraging because she is telling them stories of happiness and of what their life could be like. In the story it also says ‘She managed to dispel their fear of pursuit, so that they would not become hysterical, panic-stricken.’ She was also encouraging them in this line, to continue their journey, and their fight to freedom.

Managerial Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Managerial Finance - Essay Example This has led to a fall in the prices of products sold by Titanic Plc. Consequently, due to a fall in volumetric sales and price of beer; Titanic Plc’s sales have plunged by 30%. The above table shows that the margins of the company have also eroded due to fall in selling prices but no subsequent reduction in the costs. The gross margin fell from 46.4% in 2010 to 39.4% in 2012, which can be attributed to the fall in selling prices due to increase in competition in the industry. The operating profit margin and net margin fell drastically as the company could not control its distribution and administration expenses in the period of falling sales revenue. The directors of the company feel that the company is experiencing financial distress. A company is in a financial distress when it faces liquidity issues and has difficulties in paying off its obligations when they are due. Financial distress increases when a company’s revenues move with the economy. Such cyclical companies are prone to fall in profitability due to an economic downturn. The above table shows the liquidity ratios of the company. Company’s liquidity has improved from 2010 to 2012 as shown by an increase in the current ratio as well as the quick ratio of the company. Although the cash of the company fell from  £10.6M from 2010 to  £9.8M in 2012, the decrease was offset by an increase in inventory and receivables of the company. However, the current liabilities of the company fell drastically by 46% from  £19.9M in 2010 to  £10.8M in 2012 owing to lower trade payables and dividend payable. The ratios indicate that the company’s liquidity position is adequate. The above table shows the asset efficiency ratios for Titanic Plc. Days in inventory has increased substantially from 89 days in 2010 to 122 days in 2012 indicating that the company’s inventory is piling up. This piling up of inventory is due to the fall in sales of the company. Titanic Plc has to take steps to

Saad Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Saad - Assignment Example (b). A capacitor is constructed as two plane parallel square plates with an area of 20cm* 20cm and a 5.0mm separation. It is mounted in a vertical plane (with the top plate edges horizontal) and used to measure the depth of liquid in a tank, which is allowed to fill the space between the plates to a variable extent, the rest being filled with air. If the liquid is methanol with a relative permittivity of 33, calculate the maximum and minimum values of the capacitance, corresponding to the extreme liquid levels, and the value when the gap is half-full. (c). To avoid rapid indicator fluctuations if the liquid is agitated when half-full, a time constant for change/discharge of about 10s is required. What should be the series resistance of the electrical supply to the capacitor? A generator is basically a machine that has ability to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. We have two types of generators depending on the types of electric current they produce. We have either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) generators. These two types of generators have differing construction details but the basic principle on the way they work is similar. Shunt-wound generator or Penjana Piran is a type of generator where field winding is connected parallel to the armature thus creating a relatively high resistance making the current carried to be a only as fraction of the armature

Case Study-COMPETITION IN ENERGY DRINKS Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

-COMPETITION IN ENERGY DRINKS - Case Study Example Despite the fact that the beverage market is wide, the needs and wants vary in accordance to various aspects. Description of the industry’s strategically relevant business and environmental components People have different beliefs and perceptions, tastes and preferences, needs, and wants simultaneously. A company should not take consumer wants for granted. The reason behind it is simply that the consumer turns out to be the heart and soul of the business, without the company cannot survive. The world comprises of cultures observed to by their specific habitats and they differ accordingly from one place to another. Different geographical and climatic conditions also affect consumption parts of the consumer. A company seeking to exploit the market fully must consider reviewing the above factors for they clearly state consumer-marketing environment. The vision and mission of any beverage company must highlight the importance of customers. Since the beverages directly affect the c ustomers, the mission and vision should be encouraging such that the customers feel close to the organization. Essentially, production and delivery of the beverages will be dependent on the economic political structures of the market. A company approaching a third world country shall not apply the mechanisms of that which is approaching developed countries. A company shall have to establish clearly, the production, promotion, distribution, and strategies. Strategic planning for the above factors enables a company to reach segment appropriately and deliver satisfaction. The choice of a delivery channel should relate to the perceived costs to incur and time taken to reach the consumer. Technological advances ultimately affect the industry and a company seeking competitive advantages must perceive chance as rather an opportunity to a threat. It must study the competitor’s impact in the desired market, the various tactics, and their target customers. Evaluation of competition Ass umptions that any markets are perfect are bound to injure efforts. A company must scrutinize and understand competitors’ strong points, measure the degree on which they influence the market, and weigh them against their weaknesses. Through the realization of the competitors’ weaknesses, the company stands the opportunity to counter competition and survive tremors in the new segment. Since all beverage companies may tend to crawl in the shadows in an attempt to fish information. The company should watch closely and try as much possible to contain its information. On the idea of pricing, the company should ensure that its prices vary from those of competitors, a factor that minimizes chances of switching from one brand to another. However, it is advisable that company first wins the hearts of the customers, mainly through proper distribution and advertisement (Kotler 2009). Drivers of change in the industry dynamics Bearing that the beverage industry comprises of many pl ayers and so are the customers, the Company must be specific on which end to cater for in the segment. The company does not perform these tasks solely as there are other key players in the market contributing to its success. It must analyze its suppliers, employees, buyers, and logistics channel. Suppliers are important to the point that they bring production materials to

Literacy evidence questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literacy evidence questions - Coursework Example Depending on the item, you may be required to use Machiavelli's whole sentence or just a part of it. Make sure to punctuate and document correctly ( you need provide ONLY the page number for the quotation). Remember, you may not rephrase a quoted passage unless you are using brackets or ellipsis. Read the words in the item below, and then type out the completed sentence in the box, including the form of the Machiavelli quotation that would fit in the blank. Depending on the item, you may be required to use Machiavelli's whole sentence or just a part of it. Make sure to punctuate and document correctly ( you need provide ONLY the page number for the quotation). Remember, you may not rephrase a quoted passage unless you are using brackets or ellipsis. Read the words in the item below, and then type out the completed sentence in the box, including the form of the Machiavelli quotation that would fit in the blank. Depending on the item, you may be required to use Machiavelli's whole sentence or just a part of it. Make sure to punctuate and document correctly ( you need provide ONLY the page number for the quotation). Remember, you may not rephrase a quoted passage unless you are using brackets or ellipsis. Read the words in the item below, and then type out the completed sentence in the box, including the form of the Machiavelli quotation... People find a prince "praiseworthy" who keeps his promises and lives with sincerity and not with trickery. Question 3 (2 points)Save The following passage is from The Prince, by Niccolo Machiavelli. Imagine that it appears on page 92 of a literary anthology. How praiseworthy a prince is who keeps his promises and lives with sincerity and not with trickery, everybody realizes. Read the words in the item below, and then type out the completed sentence in the box, including the form of the Machiavelli quotation that would fit in the blank. Depending on the item, you may be required to use Machiavelli's whole sentence or just a part of it. Make sure to punctuate and document correctly ( you need provide ONLY the page number for the quotation). Remember, you may not rephrase a quoted passage unless you are using brackets or ellipsis. According to Machiavelli, a prince who "keeps his promises and lives with sincerity" is recognized as a praiseworthy prince. Question 4 (2 points)Save The following passage is from The Prince, by Niccolo Machiavelli. Imagine that it appears on page 92 of a literary anthology. How praiseworthy a prince is who keeps his promises and lives with sincerity and not with trickery, everybody realizes. Read the words in the item below, and then type out the completed sentence in the box, including the form of the Machiavelli quotation that would fit in the blank. Depending on the item, you may be required to use Machiavelli's whole sentence or just a part of it. Make sure to punctuate and document correctly ( you need provide ONLY the page number for the quotation). Remember, you may not rephrase a quoted passage unless you are using brackets or ellipsis. Everyone knows, says Machiavelli, that a prince who keeps

Managing Patient Safety Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Patient Safety Report - Research Paper Example This risked the life of a patient, and a subsequent cardiac event killed him as a result (Sullivan and Ferriter, 2008). The aim of this report is to examine this event in detail and determine what could have been changed to prevent this happen, and to decrease the likelihood of a similar event happening in the future. Patient Safety Advances in knowledge and technology have created a system of healthcare that is highly successful, and able to effectively treat a wide range of conditions. However, these factors have also led to the growth of the complexity of the healthcare system. This is an aspect of considerable concern, and the development of complexity brings considerable risk, and the potential of harm occurring to patients as the result of human or system factors (National Patient Safety Agency, 2004). There are many arguments for why the current systems of care are ineffective at preventing harm to patients, but one of these is that it has a strong reliance of systems and appr oaches that are outdated and based on previous techniques that are no longer relevant (Carayon, 2007). Whatever the driving factors, it has become clear that the safety of patients in healthcare is something that needs to be addressed, and preventable incidences of harm need to be minimised. There has been an increased interest and focus on health safety throughout the world, as well as in the scientific literature. Estimates suggest that approximately ten percent of all patients admitted into NHS hospitals experience at least one incident where patient safety is compromised. Furthermore, it would be possible to prevent a large number of these incidents (National Patient Safety Agency, 2004). Medical errors are a significant problem in the healthcare industry, and a 1999 report identified that up to 98,000 people die every year in hospitals as the result of medical errors that were preventable (Kohn et al., 1999). This report has become well known, and way one of the driving factors for the focus on patient safety. The interest in the area has generated many specific terms that are used to describe what is occurring within institutions, and the desire to prevent such incidents. Two prominent terms are patient safety and adverse events. The concept of patient safety is the prevention of any harm or adverse events occurring to the patient. In literature, the term is used prevalently, but defined rarely. For example, the 1999 report by the Institute of Medicine which spurred the focus on patient safety uses the term extensively throughout the paper, but the authors do not define what the phrase actually means (Kohn et al., 1999). It can be reasonably assumed that health safety is not explicitly defined, both because the term appears to have an intuitive definition and because this makes determining the exact meaning of the term difficult. However, understanding patient safety is a crucial aspect of effectively discussing or implementing this. Therefore, to approa ch this, we will first consider what an adverse event is, then examine how this definition can be used to help define patient safety. The National Patient Safety Agency defines an adverse event as â€Å"Any unintended or unexpected incident that could have or did lead to harm for one or more patients receiving NHS-funded healthcare†. This definition is also taken to apply to the terms patient safety incident and

Financial Reporting on Cement Roadstone Holdings Plc Dissertation

Financial Reporting on Cement Roadstone Holdings Plc - Dissertation Example In the year 2012, the operations of CRH Plc faced mixed economic conditions throughout all the countries in the world. For example, as on one hand the main markets in the United States faced improvement in its overall economic activity, while on the other side economic activity deteriorated in Europe, particularly in Netherlands due to a fall in the continued confidence of investors and consumers in Europe. As a result, the profit and earnings per share of the company in 2012 dropped by 5% and 7%, as compared to 2011. The profit and earnings per share of 2012 amounted to â‚ ¬674 million and 76.5c, whereas in 2011 it amounted to â‚ ¬711 million and 82.6c. The outcomes of 2012 resulted due to the progress in the operations of America helped by a strong recovery in residential construction which lead to an improvement in the overall economic activities in the United States. ... y components- Positive exchange effects of 2012 resulted due to the rise in the US dollar by 8% which lead to the rise sales and pre-tax profits by approximately 4%. Contributions by acquisitions made in 2011 and 2012 lead to a rise in sales revenue of â‚ ¬603million and operating profit of â‚ ¬33 million. Cost incurred in 2012 of â‚ ¬60million was similar to that of 2011(â‚ ¬61 million). Total impairment charges in 2012 were â‚ ¬174 million which was significantly higher than the previous year. In 2012, revenue generated from ongoing operations decreased by â‚ ¬384million. As compared to 2011, earnings per share declined by 7% (82.6c in 2011 to 76.5c in 2012) and cash earnings per share increased by 7% (194.0c in 2011 to 206.8c in 2012). In 2012 Operating profit margin declined to 4.5% and EBITDA margin by 0.4% as the selling price could not recover the increase in input costs. The price of the share of CRH Plc was â‚ ¬15.30 in 2012, as it showed a slight change as compared to 2011 (â‚ ¬15.36). But the dividend was 62.5c and the net return to the shareholders was positive 4%. The overall performance of CRH Plc. in 2012 shows a decline as compared to the performance in 2011. The decrease in the inventory turnover ratio and total assets turnover ratio as compared to 2011 also state the above. Total shareholders’ equity also remained unchanged in 2012 as the net comprehensive income for the year of â‚ ¬0.4 billion was balanced by dividends of â‚ ¬0.4 billion. The year-end net debt of â‚ ¬3 billion was only â‚ ¬0.5 billion lower than the previous year. This is reflected in the debt equity ratio, which also resulted in a decrease as to the previous year. The percentage of net debt to total equity reduced to 28%. But since assets were more as compared to the equity, proprietary ratio

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leadership - Research Paper Example art U.S., â€Å"should work with OUR Wal-Mart to improve jobs at our company so that we have an opportunity to join the middle class, strengthen our company’s bottom line and improve our nation’s economy† (Ausick, 2014, para 2). This paper discusses Wal-Mart’s problem in ethical leadership, and proposes and defends solution to this dilemma. The proposed solutions are ethically grounded and based on principles of social justice and quality of life. OUR Wal-Mart publicly specified three issues that the former Wal-Mart leader, Bill Simon, failed to address: weakening brand image, dropping sales, and low wages. The organization refers to a research by Demos-- a public policy research institute-- that reported a higher wage rate for full-time workers of retail corporations that hire thousands of employees could significantly improve the quality of life of hundreds of thousands of women and their families (Tepel, 2014). The worsening performance of Wal-Mart U.S. has also been observed by some professional groups, and they claimed that Simon’s use of smaller stores was not the appropriate solution. The organization also mentions a survey of consumers that reveals â€Å"Wal-Mart’s pay and treatment of workers are influencing shopping habits† (Reuters, 2014, para 2). The poll revealed that a quarter of the overall number of the company’s most loyal customers is disappointed by how Wal-Mart handles its emplo yees, and that they, consequently, avoid shopping at the stores (Reuters, 2014, para 2-3). Although Wal-Mart’s terrible business practices have been known for several years, workers were not inclined to protest against it; but OUR Wal-Mart changes it. Since these courageous employees are not unionized, they were risking their jobs by protesting. In 2012, Wal-Mart publicly announced $444 billion in profits. Robson Walton, the successor of Wal-Mart, received roughly $420 million in 2011, while the company’s employees receive a meager annual salary of $15,500

Executive Summary - Research and Evaluation Essay

Executive Summary - Research and Evaluation - Essay Example The use of e-tickets also eliminates the need to have airport counter staff and space. These can be replaced by self-servicing kiosks. The customers do not have to face the risk of losing the ticket and hence is advantageous to them as well (Williams, 2007). The use of e-tickets empower centralized staff by providing them with relevant data and information as and when required. However the technique creates problems for passengers when they have to switch planes between airlines or the flight is delayed or cancelled (Malaval and Benaroya, 2002). Along with these issues, the concept has also brought issues regarding information security and privacy (Nemati, 2006). Moreover, the concept can’t be used for infants. Apart from it, the cost of moving from a paper-based ticketing system to e-ticket requires a global tie-up and synchronized system between all the airlines of the world. This system is costly and very complex to implement (Perreaux, 2006). p-value is the probability that is in agreement with the alternate hypothesis. It is the smallest level of significance level ÃŽ ± for which the null hypothesis Ho can be rejected (Mendenhall et al., 2009) The t-test as well as the p-value confirms that the null hypothesis can not be rejected. This implies that the mean number of complaints received per month is less than or equal to 15. Hence the proposition that the number of complaints per month made by passengers has increased as a result of use of e-ticketing stands false. At the same time, e-ticketing leads to a reduction in the cost of operations of airlines. It also reduces the cost of passengers by eliminating the middlemen: travel agency. Moreover, airlines can highlight it as an initiative to save paper and environment. Hence, the use and promotion of e-tickets is strongly recommended to be done by airlines. Williams, L. (2007, September 27). From online to onboard. [Online]. Computing p.25. Available at:

Explain How Products Are Developed Essay Example for Free

Explain How Products Are Developed Essay 3.1.1 The product life cycle (PLC). The product life cycle is used for determining the lifespan of products and there are 4 sub stages of product: introduction, growth, maturity and decline. From 2007 until now, Honda Air Blade has become the most successful line of Honda’s motorbike as well as on market. Since it was born, Honda Air Blade has achieved sales of more than 2 million products. This year, from April to the end of September, Honda Air Blade reaches to 274,563 products. (Zing, 2014) This motorbike has brought more profits and impacted strongly on revenue of company. Honda has had the success with this product line. But in the modern world, to be able to compete with the competitors, Honda needs to improve quality, style of products and consider market prices as well as competitors to make a better product 3.1.2. Branding and brand leadership. a. Branding: A brand is much bigger than just the corporate logo. The brand attributes are formed from the efforts of corporation in the process of marketing communication activities and the character of business. Therefore, corporation needs to have an appropriate strategy to release a good PR campaign to make them more attractive than the competitors. Honda has slogan:† The power of dreams†, easily to remember and it has been very famous around the world. b. Brand leadership: The first appearance of Honda in Vietnam is in 1996, until now has been through 18 years and they have always been one of the forefront in their industry. (Honda, 2014) But now, Vietnam’s market has Yamaha, the biggest rival of Honda and the competition between both will continue for a long time in the future. Consequently, Honda has to use and combine an ingenious of design, advertising, marketing, and corporate culture. It will help create brand attributes in the minds of the people and that this will bring

Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius

Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius A Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng. Ivan L. Lawagai,* Suad Naheedb, Mohammed Mosihuzzamanc, Allan, Patrick G. Macabeoadeg, Erickson Paragasefk, Peter Prokschh, Alicia M. Aguinaldoaeg Keywords: Antidesma, Antidesma bunius, Amentoflavone, Betasitosterol, biflavone, sterols 1. Subject and source Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng. (Euphrbiaceae) ‘‘bignay† is a common plant found throughout the Philippines. The bark is poisonous as it contains an alkaloid thus, is used medicinally. The leaves are acidic and diaphoretic, and, when young, these are boiled with pot-herbs, and employed by the natives in syphilitic infections (Quisumbing, 1978). The leaves are sudorific and are employed in treating snakebite in Asia (Morton, 1987). The leaves of Antidesma bunius, commonly known as â€Å"bignay†, are traditionally used by native Filipinos to control diabetes (Lawag et al., 2012). Fresh leaves were collected from the hills of Brgy. Agustin Navarra, Ivisan, Capiz Province in January 2009. The plant was identified by Asst. Prof. Rosie A. Madulid and a voucher specimen (USTH 5357) is deposited at the UST Herbarium, Botany Laboratory, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas (UST), Manila, Philippines. 2. Previous work Dammara-20, 24-dien-3ÃŽ ²-ol and friedelin were isolated from the stem and leaves of A. bunius (Hui and Sung, 1968). In 2008, Samappito and Butkhup identified the flavonoids catechin, Procyanidin B1 and Procyanidin B2 from the fruits and Gallic acid, quercetin, catechin and epicatechin were also detected from the fruits of A. bunius (Santiago et al., 2005). 3. Present study 3.1. Extraction and isolation Dried and ground leaves Antidesma bunius (1610 g) were extracted with 80% ethanol to give a green syrupy extract (240.0 g) which was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) using solvents of increasing polarity starting with hexane, hexane-dichloromethane (1:1), dichloromethane, dichloromethane -ethyl acetate (1:1), ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate-methanol (1:1), and methanol to give seven fractions. The fifth fraction (4.04 g) was further fractionated twice on silica gel packed on VLC using solvents of increasing polarity starting from hexane and ending with methanol giving five fractions each, respectively. Fraction three which was purified twice on silica gel using hexane-dichloromethane (1:1) and hexane-dichloromethane (95:5) furnished 1 (16.13 mg). Isolation of 2: the fourth fraction (12.34 g) after VLC was chromatographed on silica gel using 5-10% gradients of methanol in dichloromethane to give ten fractions. Fraction three (42.3 mg) was further purified using Sephadex LH20 using 20% gradients of methanol in DCM to give 2 (5.9 mg). (1)(2) 3.2. Identification of purified compounds The compounds were identified as Stigmast-5-en-3ÃŽ ²-ol or ÃŽ ²-sitosterol, a plant sterol, (1) (Balamurugan et al., 2012) and (Sosinska, et al., 2013) and 3,8-biapigenin (Amentoflavone), a biflavone (2) (Chari et al., 1977) and (Ryu et al., 2010) on the basis of their IR, LR-EIMS, LR-ESIMS and NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HMBC and HSQC) spectral data and by comparison of spectra reports with the literature. 4. Chemotaxonomic significance Other Antidesma species like A. menasu (Risvi et al., 1980a), (Risvi et al., 1980b) and A. pentandrum (Chen et al., 2004), (Kikuchi, 1983) are known to contain plant sterols. A. puncticulatum is known to contain flavonoids (Nuengchamnong and Ingkaninan, 2009), while A. laciniatum was reported to contain both plant sterols and flavonoids (Tchinda et al., 2006). The isolation process that was presently preformed on the ethanolic leaf extract of A. bunius afforded compounds 1 and 2 which were coherent to the compounds that were previously isolated or reported from the other Antidesma species. Although the said compounds were reported for the very first time in A. bunius, compound 1 was also reported to be present in A. pentandrum (Chen et al., 2004) and in A. laciniatum (Tchinda et al., 2006), while compound 2 was reported to be present in A. laciniatum (Tchinda et al., 2006). This further establishes the chemotaxonomic relationship of A. bunius towards the other species of the genus Antidesma. Although plant sterols (Hui and Sung, 1968) and biflavones (Samappito and Butkhup, 2008), (Santiago et al., 2005) were previously reported in the leaf and bark extracts A. bunius, this is the first report that indicated the presence of ÃŽ ²-sitosterol (1) and Amentoflavone (2). Compounds 1 and 2 therefore add up to the list of isolated and identified compounds from the leaves of A. bunius. References Quisumbing, E., 1978. Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Inc., Quezon City, Philippines. Balamurugan, R., Stalin, A. and Ignacimuthu, S., 2012. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 47, 38 – 43. Chari, V. M., Ilyas, M., Wagner, H., Neszmelyi, A., Chen, F., Chen, L., Lin, Y., Lin, Y., 1977. Phytochemistry 16, 1273 – 1278. Chen, Y.C.; Cheng, M.J.; Lee, S.J.; Dixit, A.K., Ishikawa, T., Tsai, I.L.; Chen, I.S., 2004. Helvetica Chimica Acta 87 (11), 2805 – 2811. Hui, W. H.; Sung, M. L., 1968. Australian Journal of Chemistry 21(8), 2137-40. Kikuchi, H., Tensho, A., Shimizu, I., Shiokawa, H., Kuno, A., Yamada, S., Fujiwara, T., Tomita, K., 1983. Chemistry Letters (4), 603 –606. Lawag, I., Aguinaldo, A., Naheed, S., Mossihuzzaman, M., 2012. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 144(1), 217 – 219. Morton, J., 1987. Bignay. p. 210–212. Fruits of Warm Climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL. Nuengchamnong, N., and Ingkaninan, K., 2010. Food Chemistry 118, 147 – 152. Samappito, S.; Butkhup, L., 2008. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11 (13), 1654 – 1661. Santiago, D.M.O., 2005. MS Thesis University of the Philippines, Los Banos. Sosinska, E., Przybylski, R., Hazendonk, P., Zhao, Y. Y., Curtis, J., 2013. Food Chemistry 139, 464 – 474. Rizvi, S. H. Shoeb, A. Kapil, R. S. Popli, S. P., 1980. Experientia 36. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel (Schweiz). Rizvi, S., Shoeb, A., Kapil, R., Popli, S., 1980. Phytochemistry 19 (11), 2409 – 10. Ryu, Y. B., Jeong, H. J., Kima, J. H., Kima, Y. M., Park, J., Kim, D., Naguyen, T.T.H., Park, S., Chang, J. S., Park, K. H., Rho, M., Lee, W. S., 2010. Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry 18, 7940 – 7947. Tchinda, A..; Teshome, A.; Dagne, E.; Arnold, N.; Wessjohann, L., 2006. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 20 (2), 325 – 328. Current Affiliations: iChemistry Department, Adamson University, Ermita, Manila, Philippines. jJinnah University for Women, Nazimabad, Karachi, Pakistan kDepartment of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA * Corresponding author. E-mail address:*[emailprotected] (I.L. Lawag)

Globalization Impact on Chinese Culture

Globalization Impact on Chinese Culture Globalization is an irresistible trend in the progress of society. From the introduction of the concept of globalization and widespread use among mainstream press, the lives of most people in the world are affected by the impact of globalization. Globalization can be regarded as a process which is essentially multifaceted and intimately related to free trade, technological innovation and information communication, demographic change linked to the development of global societies, socio-cultural, economic, and ideological convergence (Thomas, 2005, p. 138). In recent years, the impact of globalization is more obviously reflected in the exchange of goods, technology, and culture. Although globalization recedes the constraints of geography on economic, political and cultural arrangement (Water, 2001, p.5), integration and confliction still company in the process of globalization due to the diversity of values and ideologies hold by people from different countries. Generally speaking, glo balization brings positive and negative impact on peoples daily lives, which is not only changing the living styles, but also challenging traditional culture values of a nation. Global culture inevitably uniforms and standardizes peoples day to day lives. As Waters suggests that there will be a single society and culture occupying the whole planet in a globalized world (Waters, 2001, p.5). It is believed that the global marketing of artifacts is not only to maximize profits, but also to disseminate and reinforce culture influence of an economic power (Oliver, 2005, p.10). There are many phenomena can be observed as the influence of global culture. English is used as a dominant language in global communication, commodities of famous brands such as Coca Cola, Nike, and Adidas are sold in shops around the world, fast foods like KFC and McDonalds become popular among young people, and Internet transfers the whole world into a village. According to Thomas (2005, p. 143) socio-cultural dimension to globalization involves changes in attitudes to cultural and religious beliefs. Thus, it is likely that the uniformity and standardization of global culture leads to a p otential danger of challenging identities of a nation. China receives challenges and opportunities through globalization, which has a great impact on Chinas economy and culture. After carrying out the reform and opening up policy in 1978, China gradually involved in the flood of global market. During over thirty years development in the global market, China achieves significant accomplishments in the aspects of economy, international competitiveness, and the improvement of peoples lives. According to the speech at the meeting marking the 30th anniversary of reform and opening up in the year 2008 by Chairman Hu Jintao, the total import and export of China raised from $20.6 billion to $2.17 trillion during the period from 1978 to 2007, which ranked the third in the world and became the No.1 country in terms of foreign reserves, and the paid-up overseas investment amounted to nearly $1 trillion. Therefore, it is obvious that globalization and international cooperation speed up Chinas economic development while contributing a lot to the worl d economy. As to the culture aspect, Chinese traditional culture is inescapably affected by global culture. In the process of globalization, western world takes dominant position in advanced technology and economic system, therefore, the global culture is mainly composed by the western culture, which is characterized by free markets, consumerism and individualism (Arnett, 2002, p.777). In contrast, countries such as China and Japan have tradition of collectivistic values (Natio Gielen, in press; White, 1993 cited in Arnett, 2002, p.776). When traditional Chinese values meet global culture under the circumstance of globalization, there will be some extent of conflicts and integrations, which will generate the crisis on the issue of identity. Identity crisis can be regarded as a new phenomenon brought by globalization. In the following essay, it will critically analyze the issue of identity among some Chinese young people under the influence of globalization and global culture. Chinese culture also has reaction on global culture. In recent years, China is making an effort to introduce its traditional cultures and values to the world and laying some extent of influence on the global culture. By the end of 2009, there have been 282 Confucius institutes and 272 Confucius Classrooms established in 88 countries, and the Confucius Institutes/Classrooms adopt suitable teaching styles to teach Chinese language as well as promoting Chinese cultures (http://english.hanban.org/node_10971.htm). Chinese cultures and values are gradually recognized by western society, which is a consequence of cross-cultural communication in globalization. Byram (1989) suggests that Culture is knowledge which is shared and negotiated between people, belonging to all of them and not being idiosyncratic to any single one. It is necessary to develop an understanding and appreciation of other cultures meanwhile critically thinking about ones own culture and other cultures (Byram, 1996, p.25) . The following essay will mainly focus on two aspects, the impact of globalization on Chinese culture and the reaction of Chinese culture to the world. In the first section, it will critically analyze the issue of identity among Chinese young people, how it is formed, affected and reinforced through the global culture brought by globalization, and the efforts by government and schools to strength students notion of identity. In the second section, it will discuss the intercultural communication and culture exchange between nations in the world under the circumstance of globalization, and illustrate the importance of intercultural competence in globalization. Section One: The Challenge of Chinese Culture on the Aspect of Identity Issue under the Affection of Globalization As discussed above, the identity issue of Chinese young people can be regarded as a consequence of globalization and global culture imposes influence on Chinese traditional cultures and values. In order to demonstrate this, this section will firstly focus on the concept of identity and Chinese identity in order to present a framework of the identity issue. Secondly, it will critically analyze the identity crisis of Chinese young people through the process of globalization. Thirdly, in this section, it will suggest that the conscious of globalization and cross-cultural communication should be introduced into education though various challenges and problems may company through the process. 1. The concepts of identity and the formation of Chinese young peoples identity 1.1 The concepts of identity There are many forms of identities in academic field, but this assignment will mainly focus on three kinds of identities, which are national identity, cultural identity, and social identity respectively. As to national identity, different researchers suggest various models. Smith (1991) proposes a Western civic model, which focused on territory and the idea of patria (Smith, 1991, p.10), and a non-Western ethnic model, which emphases on descent and blood tie. However, Kellas claims that ethnic, social an official nationalism are more important than geographical boundaries (Kellas, 1991, cited in Parmenter, 1997, p.24). It is obvious that the definition of national identity is based on some common ideas such as shared territory, shared culture and community for group, and recognition, acceptance and sense of belonging for the individual (Parmenter, 1997, p.26). Compared with Ting-Toomey and Chungs definition of cultural identity (2005, p.93), which emphasizes the emotional significance of belonging to a larger culture, Brock and Tulasiewiczs definition is more precise and recapitulative. Brock and Tulasiewicz indicate that cultural identity is a world view, constructed and developed by the individual in interaction with others (Parmenter, 1997, p.27). The elements such as language and religious help to shape cultural identity but these are not the determinate factors. The relationship between national identity and cultural identity implied by Parmenter (1997, p.27) is that national identity is constructed on the basis of cultural identity and involves particular political ideas, attitudes, values and practice in the cultural identity. The form and development of national and cultural identity can be analyzed by the secondary socialization theory. School education and curriculum such as language and history offer a chance to nurture national and majority cultural identities (Tate, 1994, cited in Parmenter, 1997, p.35). According to Berger and Luckmanns secondary socialization theory (1966), the assimilation of primary knowledge mush through pedagogic techniques. The education process works as a pedagogic technique, which is strengthen the concept of individuals fist notion, in other words, is to reinforce the concepts of national and cultural identity. Social identity is stemmed from individuals group memberships and social comparison, as to establish self-esteem of individuals which based on the status of the group (Tajfel, 1981, p. 277). The concept of social identity shows the behavior of individuals when they act as a member of a group, and the feelings of being a member of a group. According to Tajfel (1978, 1981, cited in Ward, 2001, p. 103), the social identity mainly includes three features, which are self concept, awareness of membership in a group, and evaluative and emotional significance. These three features work as major element of defining social identity. It is also demonstrated by Tajfel that intergroup bias is irresistible consequence of social identification (Ward, 2001, p.104). Individuals seek status and self-esteem in their own group and judge it as superior than the other groups, which not only leads to prejudice on out-group people and in-group people, but also generates confliction and competition between g roups. 1.2 The formation of Chinese young peoples identity The formation of Chinese national identity can be tract back to 1930s. Through eight-year Chinas war resistance against Japan, Chinese people formed a united, patriotic and anti-imperialist national identity. Friedman (1995, p.6) claims that Maos communist-led peasant Red Army is regarded as a symbol of library, which unites Chinese people in a defensive order, even Confucius could not achieve such a strong influence in this period of time. After the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in year of 1949, the Communist Party of China (CPC) takes Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory as the guidance of its actions (http://www.china.org.cn/english/Political/26151.htm). Moreover, most universities in China offer compulsory courses of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory which brings formidable influence on the building of Chinese young peoples national identity. As to the cultural identity of Chinese young people, it is believed that the heritage of Confucian culture takes the dominant position in Chinese society. Confucianism is one of Chinese traditional culture values, which is formed on the basis of colleting experience of the nations exploration and response to the challenge of its national and social environment (Zheng, Yongnian, 1999, p.73). Grown up and educated in such a society, young people form their cultural identity and obtain cultural group membership unconsciously. The culture consciousness is internalized by individuals and finally forms cultural identity (Brock and Tulasiewicz, 1985:4, cited in Parmenter). The obtaining and challenge of social identity among Chinese young people can be analyzed under the circumstance of globalization. Social identity is a much broader concept which can include cultural or ethnic membership identity (Ting-Toomey and Chung, 2005, p.101). The process of globalization is not only an exchange of merchandise, but also an interaction between western and eastern cultures. Some Chinese young people appreciate and accept western culture and values. In this sense, the in-group and out-group in social identity theory can be categorized as follows in this essay: Under the influence of western culture to Chinese traditional culture, those people who hold traditional cultural values of Chinese collective culture can be regarded as an in-group, and the out-group can be regarded as those Chinese young people who are westernized through the process of globalization. 2. Identity Crisis of Chinese Young People through the Process of Globalization and Efforts to reshape identity 2.1 Analysis of Identity Crisis among Chinese Young People The identity crisis towards Chinese young people under the circumstance of globalization can be mainly analyzed in two aspects, namely cultural identity crisis and social identity crisis. The cultural identity crisis is a crisis of Chinese traditional world view and cultural values, which produced in the process of western cultures and values invading into Chinese traditional culture values, while social identity crisis is stemmed from how individuals categorize themselves and others in terms of their belonging to groups (Tajfel, 1981), thus, in the circumstance of China, the follow essay will analyze how Chinese young people categorize themselves in terms of groups. But first, the essay will discuss the unique characteristic of Chinese young people under the influence of globalization and global culture. Those Chinese young people who are experiencing their adolescence year are a unique group in the formation of identity. Adolescence is a certain period of year between childhood and adulthood, which involves psychological revolution, uncertainty, curiosity towards the new trend, and the willingness to learn (Erikson, 1968, p.128). Those Chinese young people who were born after the Reform and Opening Up policy carried out in China have experienced a totally different growing environment from the generation of their parents. Under the influence of globalization, Chinese young people find themselves in a wave of technological, economic, and global cultural trend. It is the characteristic of adolescence determines that Chinese young people have a willingness to learn and accept the western values promoted by globalization as well as traditional values hold by Chinese collective culture. It seems likely that the intimacy of western values in the process of globalization leads to a vaguene ss of Chinese young peoples identity. It could be argued that the period of adolescence is also a period of operating the function of secondary socialization as to form a world view, which is a proceeding process of internalizing the primary concept of ideology. The secondary socialization deals with the already formed self and an already internalized word (Berger and Luckmann, 1966, p.160). In the context of China, traditional cultures and values hold by the society can be regarded as circumstance for Chinese young people to form primary socialization, while education offered by school and society contributes to the effort to form young peoples secondary socialization. Under the influence of globalization and invading of western values to Chinese society, the building of concept through second socialization of Chinese young people is receiving more outer influence and challenges, because of the values promoted by global culture and western values may contradict to their primary concept. Erikson (1968, p.162) claims that the egos function to integrate the relation of newly added identity element with those already in existence, but if the newly added identity elements is conflicted with the former one, there will be an identity crisis come into being. Globalization accelerates the communication around the world, although China is famous for its conservative culture, it is cannot be denied that Chinese traditional culture is affected by the western values. Chinese culture is built in the society of collectivistic values, in which the power of the group is emphasized (Hofstede, 1991, p.50). Chinese people think highly of the family tie and the values such as filial piety, which implies the proper relations of parents and children in Chinese traditional culture. Parents have absolute power in the family and should be respected and reverenced by children, children are taught that they are in duty bound to take care of their elder parents. However, nowadays it is reported that the empty-nest homes (where old couples live alone) make up 49.7% of households in urban areas (Seniors first, 2010), and 74% of young Chinese people feel incompetent to tend the old duo to various reasons (74% of young feel incompetent to tend the old, 2010). Chinese young people are in a danger of losing traditional values. It is widely believed that western values such as individualism and materialism introduce into Chinese culture and trigger a series of changes in Chinese society in the process of globalization. Chinese young people are facing the challenges of maintaining traditional values and internalizing traditional cultural consciousness while accessing to the global culture. Brock and Tulasiewicz (Parmenter, 1997, p.27) suggest that the cultural identity is a certain world view, constructed and developed by the individual in interaction with others. It is obvious that Chinese young peoples world view is challenged and different from the world view hold by traditional larger Chinese culture duo to the accessing of global culture. Therefore, the globalization and western values challenge Chinese young peoples cultural identity. Through the process of globalization, western festivals such as Christmas and Valentines Day become well known among Chinese young people. In contrast, some Chinese traditional festivals such as the Dragon Boat Festival, Pure Brightness Day, and Double Ninth Festival are forgotten and even ignored. There is a tendency for some of Chinese young people to take on western values and pursue self-esteem by behaving differently. According to Tajfel (1981, p.277), social identity understood as deriving in a comparative and relational manner from an individuals group memberships. It can be assumed that some Chinese young people regard some western values are better than Chinese traditional values through comparison. Thus, there is a crisis in the aspect of social identity among some Chinese young people to define their place in a social system. 2.2 Efforts to Reshape Chinese Young Peoples Identity It has been shown that the issue of identity crisis is raised from the influence of globalization on Chinese culture. The essay above has analyzed cultural identity crisis and social identity crisis among Chinese young people under the influence of western culture. This section will critically analyze the efforts to reshape Chinese young peoples identity mainly from the aspect of education, and focus on the curriculum of Chinese literature and history. It is widely believed that school is in the position of promoting the development of the identity (Parmenter, 1997, p.34), therefore, it is can be assumed that school also plays an important role in reshaping of identity. Chinese education is carried out under the guideline of Education Law of the Peoples Republic of China. The Law (1995) points out the aims of Chinas education, which is to improve the quality of the whole nation and construct socialist material and spiritual civilization in accordance with the Constitution (Article 1), meanwhile, the Law also indicates that education should be carried out under the guideline of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and the theories, moreover, education should also inherit and expand fine historical and cultural traditions as to achieve civilization progress of human beings. (Article 3, Article 7). Thus, it is can be seen that education in China has been politicized as to reinforce identity among students. Tate shows that language and history are two major curriculums that foster national and cultural identity (Parmenter, 1997, p.35). The Chinese literature curriculum is a course teaches students Chinese languages as well as Chinese traditional cultures and values, especially the Chinese Classic literature, in which contains Confucians classical works, such as The Four Books (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, and The Mencius) and the five classics. Confucianism is the core value rooted in Chinese traditional culture and formed cultural identity among Chinese people. As to the language teaching in Chinese literature curriculum, despite the language helps Chinese young people to shape a world view, it is seemed likely that language is a much weaker factor compared with Chinese traditional values hold by the Chinese literature in reshaping cultural identity. Besides, language is not a direct factor in building cultural identity (Parmenter, 1997, p.27 ). However, it is cannot denied that Chinese Literature curriculum plays an important role in reconstruction of Chinese young peoples identity. As to the aspect of history curriculum in Chinas education, the reason of giving a prior consideration of history has argued by Goodson (1998, p.153), history is considered as revive and refocus of national identity and ideology. In the efforts of reshaping identity among Chinese young people, history curriculum operates the same function as Goodson discussed. Although the focus of Chinese history curriculum changes slightly, from historical materialism to Chinese dynastic and cultural heritage, from socialist people to national people, from socialism to nationalism (Jones, 2005, p.95) The function of history remains to the role of transmission of state-authorized memories as to support ethnic, regional, or political identities in both Nationalist and Communist China (Jones, 2005, p.94). 2.3 New Problems rise from the reshaping of Chinese Young Peoples Identity under the circumstance of globalization One issue that should concern us is the national curriculum under the influence of globalization. In the process of reconstruction of Chinese young peoples identity through national curriculum, there may be a tendency of ignoring the influence brought by globalization to Chinas society. The globalization brings significant changes in the aspects of social and cultural life to Chinese young people in and outside school, however, the designers of curriculum seem to ignore the phenomena and continuously draw up exam-oriented curriculum which focuses on building students national and cultural identity within the nation (Mccarthy, C., Giardina, M. D., Harewood, S. J., Park, J., 2003, p.454). It is likely that the over-emphasizing of national and cultural identity in national curriculum will bring negative effect on the awareness of the diversity cultural values in the world. Encouraging an understanding and appreciation of other cultures is the concept promoted in the international education (Cambridge, J., Thompson, J., 2004, p.162). While, Blaney (cited in Walker, 2000, p.200) suggests that Education systems rooted mainly in national concerns and constrained by national ideologies cannot educate young people to live meaningfully in a world society which is global. In the circumstance of globalization, it could be suggested that popular culture should be added into education. The popular culture should be understood as crucial terrain of political and social contestation, negotiation, and resistance that makes up the ever-shifting boundaries and alliances of youth identity formation (Mccarthy, C., Giardina, M. D., Harewood, S. J., Park, J., 2003, p.463). This section mainly deals with the challenge of Chinese culture on the aspect of Chinese young peoples identity under the influence of Globalization. A framework is built through concepts of identity, the formation and crisis of Chinese young peoples identity. Then, identity crisis of Chinese young people is analyzed and the ways of reshaping identity is presented. At last, it is critically analyzed the problem in the process of reshaping Chinese young peoples identity.

Filippo Brunelleschi Essays -- Classical Italian Architecture Italy Es

Filippo Brunelleschi Fillippo Brunelleschi is famous for such ideas and projects as the â€Å"Cupola of the Duomo† in Florence and for the way he convoluted forms of classical architecture according to the new spirit of his age. In the Florentine workshops he was trained as a sculptor and goldsmith and in 1401 he became well known by winning a competition for the second door of Baptistery â€Å"Ex Aequo† with Lorenzo Ghiberti, who was commissioned to carry out the work. The Bargello Museum holds the panels of the â€Å"Sacrifice of Isaac† that the two artists carried out for this competition. It is believed Brunelleschi most likely spent the next three years studying sculpture and architecture with his friend Donatello in Rome. In 1401 he joined the Guild of Goldsmiths. However, his interest in mathematics and ancient monuments sent him toward the direction of architecture (Lombroso 1). Starting in 1409, he worked on the Santa Maria del Fiore’s construction and was immediately attracted by the cupola’s problem; in 1418 his design won the competition and he was put in complete charge of the building works in 1423. The completion of this important construction and a special design technique that made it possible to create the huge cupola’s curves without a supporting framework, presumed most of his life. This formed the basis of Renaissance architecture. In 1434 the main structure was finished and then the lantern completed it by 1436 and finally the four tribunes in the apse in 1438 (Lombroso 2). During this period Brunelleschi also worked on the Pazzi Chapel in the Cloisters of Santa Croce in 1430, the Spedale degli Innocenti in 1424, the reconstruction of San Lorenzo in 1423, on the design for Santo Spirito in 1436, and finally t... ...ful monarchs that finally succeeded in gradually unifying each country. England’s unity came under Henry VII while France was united around the time of the death of Louis XI in 1483. Major ideas of the Renaissance also began to influence the cultures of England and France. The reign of Queen Elizabeth I was perhaps one of the most culturally rich times for England during the Renaissance. Shakespeare’s plays and works were also written and glorified during this time (Cedar Rapids 7). Works Cited: Cedar Rapids Community Schools, Government of the Renaissance. Web. 3 April 2015. http://www.cr.k12.ia.us/Renaissance/government.htm Encyclopedia4U.COM, Leone Battista Alberti. Web. 3 April 2015. http://www.encyclopedia4u.com/l/leone-battista-alberti.html Megavia Lombroso, Filippo Brunelleschi. Web. 3 April 2015. http://www.mega.it/eng/egui/pers/fibru.htm

How I Learned To Become Literate Essay -- Personal Narratives Literacy

How I Learned To Become Literate As a six-month-old baby books had opened up a whole entire new world of experience for me. My inspiration to learn how to read and write was encouraged by my Mother and Grandmother. This is because they read out loud to me before bed occasionally and gave me the best time of my life by introducing me to a library. By two years of age I developed speech and other communication skills. This helped me understand and develop a favorite book, â€Å"PJ Funny Bunny,† and I would stare at the pages pretending I was reading them. I would continually pretend to read with other Dr. Seuss books, Smurf pop-up books (I imagined I was a part of these for hours), sniff & scratches, and sensory books. I had just begun encouragement to learn literacy. I always had a fascination when I would watch my Mother or Grandmother write (with their neat handwriting) or read something. I too, as a toddler, wanted to write just as well as they did. Therefore, I began writing on my games, play tables, and toy boxes (this was a big No, No). My Mother would in addition write out bills and use a calculator. Of course, I had to imitate her. But, any of this just wasn’t enough for me. I desired something more . . . I can remember I was extremely excited to begin school. It wasn’t fair to me that all the bigger kids that lived nearby got to go to school and I didn’t. Jealousy grew as I watched them out the front window of our house when they would return home with their happy school faces. This showed me school was fun and I was missing out on the greatest thing. It just wasn’t fair! I wanted to learn too! When I began Kindergarten I was prepared by knowing how to spell my name, recite and write the letters of the alphabet, and spell a few small words like, â€Å"CAT† and â€Å"DOG.† Our teacher, Mrs. Lowler, encouraged us to continue learning literacy by: sounding out letter or words, giving us more words to practice spelling, reading aloud to us every day, allowing us to take turns on the typewriter, recite poems and songs, take turns reading to each other, and finally writing a few small sentences. We also had a heartening contest that whoever read the most books would get a free pizza at Pizza Hut. There are two things I remember Mrs. Lowler did to encourage my literacy skills. One time she made us paint a picture and then we had to present... ...e a real feel for what it was like to truly be that character. Mrs. Paris also had us keep journals in class. Here she would give us a topic and we took about fifteen minutes to write our thoughts out. The fact that she took the time to write back to us made me excited and eager to write in my journal. This helped give me the idea to maintain a pen pal relationship with one of my friends from church. Throughout my years of learning literacy I have combined my knowledge into different experiences. I have written papers, articles for newspapers (16), read to younger to children, and much more. My own philosophy as a teacher is to be a â€Å"Reading Mentor† to my students. I want to show my students that literacy is fun to learn and expands your imagination. Without books we would not be able to have the ideas and thoughts we do today. There would be no creativity; as a result places like Disney World would not exist. I have learned so much from each of these teachers. The important lesson that I will pass on is to make learning an enjoyable and pleasant learning experience. Like Mrs. Paris, my Fifth Grade teacher, I want to show my students I love and enjoy what I am teaching them.

Childhood disorders Essay

CHILDHOOD DISORDERS While children can have similar mental health problems that adults have, like anxiety or depression, children’s problems often have a different focus. Children may have difficulty with changes associated with growing up, such as beginning school. They may lag behind in comparison to how other children their age are progressing, or during stressful times, they may behave like a younger child would do. Even when children do have problems that also appear in adults, the problem tends to look different in a child. For example, anxious children are often very concerned about their parents and other family members. They may want to be near loved ones at all times to be sure that everyone is all right. This site covers the following topics: Childhood Anxiety, Encopresis, Enuresis, and Oppositional Behavior. Childhood Anxiety Childhood anxiety occurs when a child is overly anxious, experiences separation anxiety, or avoids certain situations, people, or places. Usual signs of childhood anxiety include excessive distress when separated from home or from family members, worry about losing a loved one, worry about being lost or kidnapped, fear of going to school or away from home, difficulty sleeping away from home, and nightmares. Physical complaints such as stomachaches and headaches are common when the child is anticipating being separated from parents or other family members, such as spending the weekend with grandparents. These symptoms sometimes develop after an upsetting event in the child’s life, such as the death of a loved one or a pet, beginning or changing schools, moving, or being ill. Some evidence suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy is beneficial for treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. While other psychotherapies may be helpful for treatment of childhood anxiety, they have not been evaluated scientifically in the same way as the treatment listed here. The Anxiety Disorders of Association of America: Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents site has specific information about how anxiety disorders appear in children that  may be different from adult anxiety. Encopresis Encopresis is the inability to control bowel movements, resulting in defecation (bowel movement) in clothing, in the bed, or on the floor. Encopresis is diagnosed in children who are at least 4 years old, although frequently children younger than 4 also cannot control their bowels. Encopresis more commonly affects boys than girls. Some evidence suggests that behavior modification is beneficial for treatment of encopresis. While other psychotherapies may be helpful for treatment of encopresis, they have not been evaluated scientifically in the same way as the treatment listed here. The Children’s Medical Center at the University of Virginia (â€Å"Kid’s Health†) has an excellent website with more information about normal bowel habits and facts on encopresis. Enures:Enures is, commonly known as â€Å"bedwetting†, is repeated urination during the day or night into bed or clothes. Enuresis is diagnosed in children who are at least 5 years old, although younger children often do have difficulty controlling urination. Behavioral treatment is well-established as a beneficial treatment for enuresis. Behavioral treatment usually involves the use of a urine alarm device and parent education. While other psychotherapies may be helpful for treatment of enuresis, they have not been evaluated scientifically in the same way as the treatment listed here. Click on the Fact Sheet on Bed-Wetting (PDF) for more facts on enuresis and some tips on helping your child with this problem. If you are interested in obtaining a urine alarm device, use your web browser to search for†urine alarm device† to find companies who sell these products on the internet. Oppositional Behavior Oppositional behavior includes things like losing one’s temper, arguing with parents or teachers, refusing to follow rules, being mean or seeking revenge, deliberately annoying people, being angry and resentful, blaming others for one’s own mistakes, and persistently being stubborn and unwilling to compromise. Usually oppositional behavior occurs at home, but it may also occur at school or in the community. Oppositional behavior is common in both preschool children and in adolescents. Parent Management Training is well-established as a beneficial treatment for oppositional behavior in  children. Parent Management Training involves helping parents learn new skills for dealing with oppositional and defiant behavior. While other psychotherapies may be helpful for treatment of oppositional behavior, they have not been evaluated scientifically in the same way as the treatment listed here. The Not My Kid site has links with information on oppositional behavior, parent guides, anger control tips, and support groups. PAGBASA †¦ ang pagbasa ay isang proseso o paraan ng pagkuha ng ideya, informasyon o kahulugan sa mga simbulong nakalimbag. ito ay nkktulong rin sa ating kaalaman upang lumawak ang ating isipan. Ano ang salik sa pagbasa at proseso ng pagbasa? Ang mga salik na nakakapekto sa pagbasa ng isang tao ay pisyolohikal, sikolohikal, pangkaisipan, pangkapaligiran, panlipunan at panlinggwistika. Ano ang salik sa pagbasa at proseso ng pagbasa? Ang mga salik na nakakapekto sa pagbasa ng isang tao ay pisyolohikal, sikolohikal, pangkaisipan, pangkapaligiran, panlipunan at panlinggwistika. Teorya ng pagbasa: teorya ng pagbasa a. Teoryang Bottom-Up- Ito ay isang traditional na pagbasa. Ito ay bunga ng teoryang behaviorist na higit na nagbibigay pokus sa kapaligiran sa paglinang ng komprehension sa†¦ ang mga uri ng pagsulat ay ang mga sumusunod: 1. akademik 2. teknikal 3. jornalistik 4. reperensyal 5. propesyonal 6. Malikhain Mga Layunin sa Pagsulat Ekspresiv Transaksyunal  © Isa itong impormal na paraan ng pagsulat.  © Gumagamit ito ng unang panauhan naako, ko, akin, at iba pa, sa pagsasalaysay.  © Sarili ng manunulat ang target nitong mambabasa.  © Naglalarawan ito ng personal na damdamin, saloobin, ideya at paniniwala.  © Nakapaloob din dito ang sariling karanasan ng manunulat at pala-palagay sa mga bagay-bagay na nangyayari sa paligid.  © Malya ang paraan ng pagsulat dito at walang sensura. Hindi gaanong mahalaga rito ang gramatika at pagbaybay ng ga salita bagkus mahalaga rito na mailabas kung ano ang talagang naiisip at nararamdaman ng isang tao.  © Halimbawa nito ay dyornal, talaarawan, personal na liham at pagtugan sa ilang isyu.  © Layunin nito na maipahayag ang sariling pananaw, kaisipan at damdamin sa pangyayari.  © Ito ay isang pormal na paraan ng pagsulat na may tiyak na target na mambabasa, tiyak na layunin at tiyak na paksa.  © Karaniwang ginagamit dito ang ikatlong panauhan na siya, sila, niya, nila, at iba pa sa paglalahad ng teksto  © Ibang tao ang target nitong mambabasa.  © Hindi ito masining o malikhaing pagsulat bagkus ito’y naglalahad ng katotohanan na sumusuporta sa pangunahing ideya.  © Nagbibigay ito ng interpretasyon sa panitikan, nagsusuri, nagbibigay ng impormasyon, nanghihikayat, nangangatwiran, nagtuturo o kaya’y nagbibigay ng ensahe sa iba.  © Kontrolado ang paraan ng psagsulat dahil may pormat o istilo ng pagsulat na kailangang sundin.  © Halimbawa nito ay balita, artikulo, talambuhay, patalastas, liham sa pangangalakal, papel sa pananaliksik, ulat, rebyu, sanaysay na pampanitikan, sanaysay na naghihikayat, sanaysay na nangangatwiran, interbyu, editorial, dokumentaryo at iba pa.

Nurse Ratched Essay

A former regular army nurse, Nurse Ratched represents the oppressive mechanization, dehumanization, and emasculation of recent edictin Bromdens words, the Combine. Her sur differentiate is Big Nurse, which sounds exchange adequate to(p) Big Brother, the name used in George Orwells tonic 1984 to refer to an oppressive and all-knowing authority. Bromden describes Ratched as being like a machine, and her way fits this description even her name is reverberating of a mechanical tool, sounding like both ratchet and wretched. She enters the novel, and the ward, with a flak of cold. Ratched has complete control oer either aspect of the ward, as well as almost complete control over her own emotions. In the first a few(prenominal) pages we see her show her hideous egotism to Bromden and the aides, only to regain her doll-like composure in advance any of the patients catch a glimpse. Her qualification to present a false egotism suggests that the mechanistic and oppressive forces in society gain ascendance through the cheat of the powerful. Without being aware of the oppression, the quiet and submissive slowly become weakened and stepwise are subsumed.Nurse Ratched does possess a nonmechanical and undeniably human distinction in her large bosom, which she conceals as outmatch she can beneath a severely starched uniform. Her large breasts both exude sexuality and emphasize her role as a twisted mother figure for the ward. She is able to act like an angel of benevolence while at the same measure shaming the patients into submission she knows their weak spots and incisively where to peck. The patients try to please her during the Group Meetings by airing their dirtiest, darkest secrets, and then they feel profoundly ashamed for how she made them act, even though they have done nonhing. She maintains her power by the strategic use of shame and guilt, as well as by a determination to divide and conquer her patients.McMurphy manages to flip Ratched beca use he plays her game he picks up on her weak spots proper(ip) away. He uses his overt sexuality to hurtle her off her machinelike track, and he is not taken in by her edit facade of compassion or her wrongly therapeutic tactics. When McMurphy rips her shirt open at theend of the novel, he symbolically exposes her fraud and deceit, and she is never able to regain power.

Legislative Branch Essay

There are many an(prenominal) outstanding parts in the plow of the legislative runner. The legislative sleeve creates impartialitys, and during that carry out many things moldiness happen. The bill must pass majority votes for the d puff uping, the Senate and then the chair must sign the bill into law. If the professorship vetoes it, the Senate can decree it. The legislative branch is real complex but distinguished to our countrys government. The most authorised step of the legislative branch is when a bill call ons a law. The very mixed course that the bill takes is what legislation is altogether about. Since not all bills become laws, it is important that they pass majority of votes in the House and Senate. If it does not pass, the bill is destroyed and go away have to start the editing tour over again. It is for this reason that the care for of a bill becoming a law is a crucial step in the legislative process.The Senates ability to overrule is another very i mportant feeling to the legislative branch. The Senate displays a very tally disbursement of each state in a fair manner, two per state. If the chairwoman vetoes a law, the Senate has the power to override it. This is very important because it assures voices from every state to be heard, rather than just the Presidents. It in addition gives the bill another chance to become a law. The power of the Senate plays a commodious role in the legislative branch.The legislative branch is the most important branch of government. It has a very elaborate process in which a bill must go through. Some aspects are to a greater extent substantial than others. When a bill officially becomes a law is essential, as well as the Senates qualification to override the Presidents decision. The complexity of the legislative lawmaking process does not de-escalate the importance of each step taken to create the law.

Marketing Plan: Product and Performance Essay

As individuals become more conscious of your product, make certain they have easy to not only your own product, but to information concerning the item also.The cellular phone is easy to carry, manages schedules, and can perform all the business related tasks. The size itself has become important apart from mobility. The concept that we how are launching is of a radio and music player which is latest in the sense that you can wear it as a fashion accessory. Radio is considered to be one of the most important media apart from television and internet.The item needs to be technologically feasible.20 are extremely popular within the target market. The major target market for our product is the age between 15 and 26. According to the statistics, 30 million Pakistanis how are aged between 15 and 24. Considered in the context of total population (approx.

Think beyond the box, if you wish to launch check your merchandise into the market with a bang.This generation is the technologically accessorized generation, with everything hanging from their clothes, from cell phones to CD players, and computers are a way of life. This is a branded generation, brand names, association with the great life and other different symbols are important. The emerging concept of brand association amongst teens and adults, and awareness will make our product more appealing to the customers. Our Primary objective is to achieve get our product recognized and make the consumers to get performance of the product way much better than their expectations.For instance, you might provide a product that is quality that is high at even a support that is flexible or a premium cost.The higher secondary data for our assignment came from the internet, newspapers and magazines.Current Market Situation:The current market situation is that from the cheapest of cellular phones to the most expensive, every smart phone has at least a radio in it that works from earphones that do the job of an antenna or the smart phones carry wireless radio connectivity. Other than that most phones have music players. In such a market where mobile phones are treated as a necessity from quite a long while we’d enter with a product that has a awful lot of internal memory, long batter and works hand in hand with the fashion.

Even if your merchandise is the most recent economic advancement in the business it is likely to result in complete failure if theres no effective route to get to the target group of consumers.The basic concept that we are launching is of an earring radio and music player which is latest in the sense that you can abrasive wear it as a fashion accessory. We are  launching it under the brand name LAPCA. Radio is considered to be one of the most important media apart from television logical and internet. The major source in use during cricket matches, exercising in the morning and during traveling for work or school.Paid political Advertising How you promote your product is as vital as distribution.People would not need to get their ears pierced to wear long earrings and we bring music player and radio attached to such a small earpiece that would not be noticed much (like the other offerings of attached Bluetooth insert earphones that appear too large).Objectives and issues:Incr ease the profits by at least 10% in the first year of the launch. Issue: How to significant increase the awareness amongst customers about this product?To create 10% market share for the product and to work to improve it further. Issue: What great measure to take to identify the potential customers of the product in the market?To identify 5 potential outlets where to place the product initially.

Each approach good will be different consistent with service or the merchandise youre offering.We will market our product through multiple segment strategy, as we are be targeting GEN X and GEN Y belonging to upper class and upper middle class of our society. Through integral multiple marketing, Moby X can achieve market position as because it is a product which provides mobility, style and fulfills the needs of the consumers.Moby X is a part of the clinical most reliable and trusted technologies belonging to LAPCO which is using Japanese latest technology in it which would further strengthens the reputation it would acquire. Now days, how there is a growing trend of adopting the inimitable style which people will definitely feel after purchasing the product.Following that, you ought to be aware of customers will assign to your merchandise.Market Positioning:Moby X has been positioned in the customers mind as a part of their lifestyle it impeccable suited their personality. It has positioned on the personal following grounds:Made for you exclusivelyLifestyle and technologyEarrings with variety of colors and designFine-looking wrapping and easy to carryStatement:â€Å"Enjoy with Style†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Characteristics affecting Adoption:†¢ Relative Advantage: The first of new its kind is being introduced in the market; the concept itself will attract the customer.†¢ Compatibility: Moby X higher range of frequency will make it easier to add main channel and thus more value to the product. Secondly, memory of 20GB to carry your songs and making of playlists.

Marketing is a fundamental important part of business achievement.Age:Our product caters to women ranging from age 15-26 yrs old. Moreover, through our advertisements we have portrayed an active woman who is cold working out or busy in kitchen chores.Occupation:Moby X targets women belonging to each and every type of occupation whether it is a housewife, student logical and working women.Income:Our product Moby X caters to upper class and upper middle class.At times it is helpful to look at recent publication marketing as what it is actually a enterprise.SWOT AnalysisStrengthensBeing first of its kind to be launched in the marketThe smaller sizeThe mobilityThe attractive package and demo included in the gadgetThe exquisite location of electronic gadget’s other outlets in different mallsEasy to useIn accordance with the latest fashionAttractive mix of radio and music player hand in hand as a same fashion accessory Japanese technology, one of the most reliable manufactures WeaknessLimited warrantyRequires proper maintenanceBatteries are to be charged according to usage level thus requires cost to keep the little gadget workingOpportunitiesThe customers are fond of accessories which can help extend our accessories from earrings to rings, bracelets and necklace fair Hearing radio can replace the care tapes as being mobile and fashionable in nature Being a new product creating a new market the competition is minimized to a first great extent The distinctive attributes will outweigh the element of high price The opening of the new malls throughout the country with better electronic outlets will provide a better location to display the gadget There is an opportunity for line extensionNew technology is in its growing stage which helps attract customers with new its distinctive attributes The interests of teenagers in acquiring latest technology will further increase the market share Computer system placed at the electronic outlets could self help provide fr ee demos of the product at the outlet A survey at the outlet about the buying experience of the product and after sale experience can great help make the product more effective and increased customer satisfaction The smaller size and mobility if appreciated could provide line extension for the productThreatsThe electronic market is still under developed in PakistanThe fluctuating electronic logical and political conditions of the country can hinder the sale of the product Less awareness amongst the public about the electronic items The training of sales person for the productCompetitors can come up start with a similar and better product before our product is established The higher price of the product could lead to duplicate products in the market The health conscious people could negative resist the productThe fashion conscious people may not take the initiative to buy the productThe analytical buyerMarketing Environments (PEST ANALYSIS)Political:The fluctuating political environm ent in the country can be dangerous. Since the gross product being developed is manufactured in another country the support of the government is required to keep the government conditions in import and export stable logical and to strengthen relationships with the other country to grow the business further. Economical:The product that is being launched is an expensive product the economic conditions will determine the national income or the buying power of the consumer which indirectly will determine whether the people would be willing on the products that are not part of their basic needs.Social:Since the product is an earring radio and music player which would be fixed in an earring placed quite close to the ear can be considered as dangerous unlooked for the ear.

Your marketing program should begin with an executive summary.Moby X direct competitors are small radios (ear piece) and new mp3 players that can fit in ear easily.COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGEMoby X is not just a FM radio with music player but it is consider also a blend of fashion and technology. Long lasting Japanese battery gives it an edge over other mini radios logical and music players that have maximum life of 2-48 hours on continuous use. Providing maximum FM band range from 87-108 MHz among new its competitors who offer mini radios with FM band 88-108 MHz Furthermore, adding value to the music player with 20GB built-in memory which wouldn’t look small for at least 10-15 years from now.You want a marketing program, to increase your organization.Channel and former logisticA value delivery network is made up of the company, suppliers, distributors and ultimately customers. Here will be a layer of intermediaries that good will perform work in bringing our product and its o wnership closer to the final buyer. For our earring local radio and music player we will have both a direct and indirect marketing channel. We will have a customer marketing channel.

Marketing own plans are included in business plans, offering data demonstrating investors the way the corporation will increase and first and foremost how they how are going to guarantee a return on investment.LEVELS OF PRODUCTCore ProductMoby X provides a solution to its users that connect them to the global world and at the thk same time add value to their beauty. It is smallest in size but greater in quality and style that’s what the consumers want. Actual ProductMoby X, an earring radio and a music player.Augmented ProductCustomers are provided with the free demos of the product on computer system installed at the outlets and for further understanding, instruction booklet is also provided with Moby X.In addition, it can be explained as a method which helps a business to choose the best common use of its assets to achieve corporate aims.PRODUCT COMPOSITIONProduct Quality:Moby X works great, everywhere in the world, under brand name LAPCO using Japanese microchip techn ology logical and providing the FM band from 87 to 108 MHz’s Stereo-sound is really excellent plus 3-years money back warranty is also given. Product Features:Push-button Auto Seek new Microchip Technology so you can immediately and perfectly tune in stations (Automatic FM Tuning).Provides high quality stereo sound.Long last many Japanese battery included.

Seemingly, however good it is, a plan cant implement itself.Ideal for use in parties, sports, travels, hiking, working, Jogging, bike riding, boating, fishing, picnics, reading, camping, skate boarding, gift giving, foot and vehicle surveillance, to pass the time while waiting for subject, anywhere, everywhere, in the form of earring as simple microchip (radio). A music player main memory of 20GB built-in.Product Style and Design:It comes in many splendid colors with different style for female. It is designed in a way so as to increase portability.The advertising program would then summarize the objectives which need to be achieved in order to achieve the fifteen percent increase.Packaging:Moby X what comes in a square and heart shaped gift box.Labeling:All the important information is mentioned on the label. The label contains the name of the product, name of the manufacturer and distributors, warranty limit, warnings, guidelines on usage.Product Support:A booklet on guideline s regarding the product is provided with Moby X.

Done properly, your advertising plan is currently going to be the detailed roadmap you follow enhance the achievement of your company and to acquire customers.The price is aligned with other marketing mix covering the promotion, placement and product.Cost:The political organization has tried to achieve economies of scale but not the cost of quality. The cost is being monitored and is kept to a minimum by choosing the best second deals given by the supplier and managing the cost accordingly.Organizational Considerations:The price set has been influenced by different functions of the organization including the finance, manufacturer, sales logical and marketing and the higher  management.With your promotion plan bundle, you will have the ability to construct a advertising and marketing program.44ZI AM Radio Rs. 8405Tiny FM Radios (China Toy Factory Inc)Rs.1200Mini Mp3sRs. 1500 (starting from)Competition Based Pricing:We are following the growing rate pricing according to which w e fix how our price after considering all the factors as to Rs.

PROMOTIONMoby X being a new product in the market would require intensive advertising. The positioning and the new idea behind the brand selection would be used as a basis for advertisements and the advertisements would be informative.ADVERTISINGRadio:Radio FM channels would be able to attract the major cream who could use our product and create a positive word of mouth for others. Since they being the regular radio good listeners would be excited to use this product as they could carry the radio with them.Apart from ‘Dawn’ the other newspaper that the product would be advertised in how are ‘The News’ and ‘Daily Times’.Magazines:Moby X being a technology product it would be advertised in magazines as ‘SHE’ a leading magazine. Another magazine that is famous amongst out flat major target segment the teens is ‘Young Times’. It is Dubai based magazine is especially for kids.Television:The few major channels as HUM TV and GEO TV will be given the task to advertise the product.Websites:Msn.com/Click on line a website providing information regarding new technologies, funmaza.com a famous website viewed by most of the Pakistanis and Apniisp.Action ProgramsJuly: We good will launch a sales promotion campaign in Karachi city which should be estimated at around RS. 2 Million. During this period our main aim is to make the consumers aware of the product through excessive adverts it is  essential for us to educate our dealers and consumers properly. Our main conscious awareness campaigns will be concentrated toward the television and internet it will fix in a relatively low and economical budget.

Describe Dispositional and Situational Factors in Explaining Behavior Essay

signalize the business office of stakeal and dispositional brokers in excuseing mien twain emplacement and dispositional divisors piddle away a substantial federal agency in pack developing air. (in that they kick the bucket the view on both(prenominal) our actions and battalions actions. ) attribution theory, know as how hoi polloi take and explain expression in the social world, is almost associate to these twain factors. batch operate to connect sort depending on their government agencys as actors or namers, know as the actor-observer effect.Milgrams teach (1963) look intod the affair of office and dispositional factors in participants explaining their avow look. ball club break through of 12 participants blameless the designate beneath the detectives haughty counselling. The participants considered the chore wrong so they imputed their nix style to the investigators guidance kind of of the dispositional factor, much(prenominal ) as their personality. When batch explain their make doings, they tend to judge it to situation factors much(prenominal) as the psychological disorder from the authority.Zimbardo et al (1973) conducted an sample in Stanfords prison house house to investigate the theatrical office of actor-observer effect. Participants were designate with any the role of prisoners or the role of fight backs. In the experiment, both the resistances and prisoners were genuinely utilize into their playacting roles. roughly of the prisoners obeyed the guards because the guards impose uncivilised manner to the prisoners. It is tack that the prisoners believed and set apartd the guards waste behavior to the guards dispositional factor.When stack observe another(prenominal)s behavior, they ordinarily attribute it to dispositional factor much(prenominal) as personality. Therefore, with the association of the prison as a simulation, the prisoners steady obeyed the guards like t hey were actually guards who eer acted violently. passel ordinarily attribute their behavior to situational factors when they practise the behavior. Whereas, pot attribute others behavior to dispositional factor when they argon the observers.

Shelley Shows the Reader That Even Forces for Good, Such as Love

In Frankenstein, Shelley shows the lecturer that plain pull O.K.s for secure, much(prenominal) as set out and familiarity, exclusively buy the farm to en braveness the mortal against abhorrence-minded. How do you diddle to this avowal? on that point be different events that get word elements of tres break and nefariousness indoors the story. in so far although these cases ar non prevented on a heel of ca delectation Shelley calm d have depicts that the gravels amongst families, conversances and strangers argon so worthy that they fork up the encourageive covering and commit necessity to send forward gum elastic and harborion. numerous of the tragic events in the unfermented shoot an truthful eccentric poor puzzleed pay competent to the actions of a nonher.One of the majorly tickerrending events in the raw is the luckless remnant of William. He was so affectionately predictd for and come stock- thatton up it was non be coming to harbor him from pang cod to Frankensteins actions. nonwithstanding his right intentions for the clean child, Frankenstein indirectly ca utilise his nephews destruction. Similarly, the detriment brought upon Justine was caused by Frankensteins actions. unheeding of the hold and attentiveness Frankenstein had for Justine it was non exuberant to stay fresh his jockship with her precisely at long last un complete(a) was it fair to middling to cling to her behavior.Again, with the murders of Elizabeth and Clerval, although dead apprehended and get along by Frankenstein, his straightforward intentions were non hard tolerable to oppress the representation of the pecker, who caused his bop ones trauma and in c altogetherable scarper their dyings. Of bunk tot every last(predicate)y of these characters were externalizen as entrancing and an jazz companion of all my Fs occupations, which raise proves that unsloped within the heart does non and mountainnot unendingly protect a victim from iniquity, no way out the moment of passel or f atomic number 18 of veneration.By choo blunder outg to blazegle out himself from beau monde Frankenstein disables the opportunity to ascertain the be trembler that he needed. In ordination to crystallise his problems with the creature it is this instant discernible that assist by means ofout the challenging demonstrate would buzz off been legal for Frankenstein and would not pull in guide him to his amiss(p) death. Similarly, the help that Frankenstein authencetic from Clerval was sexual extolly worthy as Frankensteins wellness collapses and leads him to his death latter(prenominal) to the death of Clerval and then display that a withstander and an adviser would pay back been fit.This shows that although the get along and awe from his love ones was at one time there it had not lasted referable to the actions of the instrument, scarce in th e premiere hindquarters too to Frankensteins actions, and hence the venom in this space has over catered love and like. As a contrast, part receivable to the wickedness and shame, the savages intentions of self-destruction were majorly modify by his experience of negligence. By the use of multi tale text, Shelley is able to ease off the pecker his own flavour to stock that he was not appendd with sufficient love and helpership.This then showed that the needed vindication from sin and endangerment was take and the animate being suffered because of it. This is unequivocal through the recognition of the unending phantasmagorical epithets used to pull in the putz such(prenominal) as wretch, d bad, catastrophe, in which the count is continuous. Although, foreign with the characters aforementioned, the Creature was given, if any, minuscular care in his animation and so the authority of good against the source of sin was modified in the first place to protect him from sin.However, the potency of sensationship and place is rash among the characters, which ultimately whelm the foreboding evil. This is in particular seen in Clerval who, although seen as an unrealistic character, he brought certification and fervency for Frankenstein in desperate times. This is limpid when he addresses his dissipated friend as my dear friend, he spy my Frankensteins variety of twine and likewise his black bile put forward of feeling regarding action as seen from are you ceaselessly to be disturbed? .This interview shows not just that Clerval recognises a salmagundi for the pommel in his friend nevertheless he is similarly relate that the matters in overhaul pull up stakes accelerate. This perplexity for Frankenstein was likewise seen switched as Frankenstein sawing machine Clerval as a rattling(prenominal) friend and who rejoiced in my rejoicing, which shows some(prenominal) that Clerval finds it pleasant and rel ieving to see his friend in cleanse turn back and excessively that Frankenstein recognises this in his friend, which proves the victory in the bond of their association. other rush example of good consuming forces of evil is the curb of Waltons ship.His single and bodacious courage lead him to pass all his bills to his wife-to-bes lover, a complete stranger, in locate to provide this cleaning woman with delight and dependable love. This act of generosity supports the mind that amazement can consider termination quite a than misery. Conversely, the piazza betwixt the De Laceys and the Creature shows wide testimonial and security. Although the weaponry was not needful Felix still put his life on the puff to husband others and this view and genuineness shows that the advocate of faithfulness engulfs the force of wickedness.It would search that intelligibly the absolute majority of the novel involves a hole of care and love mingled with the charact ers. However, it would calculate prehend to clutch that this unremitting strawman of magnanimousness is quiet by the malignity and severity of the novel. Referring back to the contention in hand, evil is not in all humbleed by love and friendship incomplete does it overpower these forces but it seems that the power of love is not as aright as it involve to be to dissemble unjustness and malevolence.